论文部分内容阅读
目的了解汽车制造业的主要职业危害因素,以及对劳动者健康的影响。方法依据相关法律法规,对合肥市某汽车制造集团下属的13个企业177个作业现场监测点进行现场职业卫生检测,对1895名一线员工和部分管理人员进行职业健康检查。结果作业现场环境噪声检测合格率仅为19.5%,劳动者听力损伤的总检出率高达16.7%;粉尘的检测合格率为84.4%,高千伏全胸片和肺功能检查的总阳性率分别为5.4%和8.8%;苯系物检测合格率为97.3%,苯作业工人血常规异常阳性检出率为8.9%。粉尘作业工人肺功能损伤发生率明显高于非粉尘作业工人的肺功能损伤发生率(0.9%),苯作业工人血常规异常检查率明显高于非苯作业工人的血常规异常检出率(3.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论噪声是该集团目前最主要的职业病危害因素,而粉尘和苯的职业危害也不能忽视。应加强监控和实施有效的防护措施。
Objective To understand the major occupational hazards of the automobile manufacturing industry and their impact on the health of workers. Methods According to the relevant laws and regulations, on-site occupational health tests were conducted on 177 site monitoring sites of 13 enterprises under an automobile manufacturing group in Hefei and occupational health examinations were conducted on 1,895 first-line workers and some management personnel. Results The passing rate of environmental noise in job site was only 19.5%, and the total detection rate of laborer hearing loss was as high as 16.7%. The passing rate of dust was 84.4%. The total positive rates of high kV chest X-ray and pulmonary function test were respectively 5.4% and 8.8%, respectively. The passing rate of benzene series was 97.3%, and the positive rate of blood routine abnormalities in benzene workers was 8.9%. The incidence of pulmonary function impairment in dust-exposed workers was significantly higher than that in non-dust-exposed workers (0.9%). The abnormal rate of blood tests in benzene workers was significantly higher than that of non-benzene workers (3.7 %), The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion Noise is the most important occupational hazard in the group, and the occupational hazards of dust and benzene can not be ignored. The monitoring and implementation of effective protective measures should be strengthened.