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目的了解该院2014年临床常见病原菌种类及其耐药状况,为临床对疾病的诊断、治疗、合理选用抗生素提供依据。方法收集该院2014年度临床分离培养的病原菌1292株,采用WHONET5.6统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果培养的病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌924株占71.52%,革兰阳性球菌213株占16.49%,真菌155株占12.00%;临床前5位分离菌株依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯、鲍曼不动杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌;在革兰阴性菌中耐药率最低的为碳氢霉烯类(如亚胺培南和美洛培南等);在革兰阳性菌中耐药率最低的为万古霉素和替考拉宁。结论细菌的药敏试验结果为临床医师对疾病诊断、治疗、合理选用抗生素提供强有力的理论依据,并且通过定期监测细菌耐药性、及时掌握其最新变化,减少耐药菌株的产生。
Objective To understand the clinical types of common pathogens and the drug resistance of the hospital in 2014, and to provide basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the rational selection of antibiotics. Methods A total of 1292 strains of pathogens isolated from the hospital in 2014 were collected. The data were analyzed by WHONET5.6 statistical software. Results 924 strains of gram-negative bacilli, 71.49% strains of Gram-negative bacilli, 16.49% strains of Gram-positive cocci and 12.00% strains of fungi were found in the pathogenic bacteria. Among the five isolates, there were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the lowest rates of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria were those of the carbamates (such as imipenem and meropenem) Positive bacteria in the lowest rates of vancomycin and teicoplanin. Conclusion The results of bacterial susceptibility test provide clinicians a powerful theoretical basis for diagnosis, treatment and rational use of antibiotics. By regularly monitoring the bacterial resistance and keeping abreast of the latest changes, the production of drug-resistant strains can be reduced.