冬前,是小麦盘根分蘖的关键时期。冬前的分蘖一般都能成穗,而春生蘖大多不能成穗而成为无效蘖。因此,加强小麦冬前的肥水管理,促使其早分蘖、长大蘗,盘好根,形成壮苗安全越冬至关重要。在管理上应做到: 1 酌施冬肥。越冬前的小麦正是长根、分蘗的关键时期,对肥料的反应比较敏感。可以视苗情酌施一定数量的氮肥促使壮苗早发,一般是对生长瘦弱或底肥不足的麦田,亩施入磷铵20～25kg或尿素8～10kg,以利于小麦生根分蘖,壮苗越冬。 2 巧浇冬水。我省冬季,大多干旱少雨,蒸发量大。所以,浇好冬水是保证小麦安全越冬的重要措施。它的主要作用:一是由于水的热容量较大,冬灌能使土壤养分充足,有效地缓和地温的剧烈变化,防止冻害死苗;二是巩固年前分蘖,冬水春用,为来年小麦返青保蓄水分,防止春旱;三是塌实土壤,粉碎坷垃,消灭越冬害虫。据我们试验研究,浇冬水一般能增产5%～10%。浇冬水 Before winter, it is a crucial period for tillering of wheat. Tillers before winter can generally become spikes, and most of spring tillers can not become spikes and become ineffective tillers. Therefore, strengthening winter wheat fertilizer management, prompting its early tillering, tillering, pan good roots, the formation of strong seedling winter safety is essential. In management should be done: 1 discretionary winter fertilizer. The wheat before winter is the root, the key period of tillering, the response to fertilizer is more sensitive. Depending on the Miao situation appropriate to apply a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer to promote strong seedling early hair, usually thin or lack of growth in the wheat field, mu of ammonium phosphate 20 ~ 25kg or urea 8 ~ 10kg, in order to facilitate wheat rooting tillers, strong seedlings overwintering . 2 clever pouring winter water. In winter in our province, most of them are dry and rainy with a large amount of evaporation. Therefore, pouring winter water is an important measure to ensure the safety of wheat overwintering. Its main role: First, due to the greater heat capacity of water, winter irrigation can make the soil nutrient sufficient to effectively ease the drastic changes in temperature to prevent frostbite dead seedlings; the second is to consolidate the year before tillering, winter water spring, for the coming year green wheat Preservation of moisture, to prevent spring drought; Third, collapse of solid soil, smash Ke rub, eliminate overwintering pests. According to our experimental study, pouring winter water can generally increase yield of 5% to 10%. Watering winter water