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随着钻井工程进入到一个更新和更复杂的环境中,为了将失败的代价降到最低,对钻井数据进行实时精确的测量和分析变得越来越重要。随钻中对井眼形状的测量被认为是检测钻井问题的一个非常关键的组成部分,例如井壁的稳定性。井眼形状异常可使我们从应力场的角度得出结论,随钻中准确的井眼井径测量也让我们可以在更短的时间里确定水泥的用量,同时携带超声波传感器的钻头不但能精确的测量流体流速而且也将帮助司钻随时监测沿钻杆的冲刷情况。利用超声波传感器测量的准确性,本文介绍了一个在不同的泥浆比重和添加剂的钻井液中实时估算井眼直径的试验。一个全自动化的测试仪器已经被设计出来,并且在不同的钻井条件下进行了测试。测试仪器的传感头可以在不同流体的人工模拟井眼中做垂直和横向运动。此外,气泡被加入到泥浆中时,也可利用传感器测量井眼尺寸。这种仪器已经多次被用于测试测径器在井眼内的径向位置,包括针对内部的井眼模拟碰锁和狗腿度等不同的对象。井眼的轮廓可通过不同的轴向和旋转速度测得。利用超声波测量值进行的模拟数值与钻井时记录的数据进行比较,可以估算钻柱在不同转速情况下测量精度。同时它也表明,如果圆的拟合方法如Kasa方法与可靠的误差模型被同时应用的话,气泡就可以被检测并且利用适当的精度来弥补测量误差。
As drilling projects move into a more up-to-date and more complex environment, it becomes more and more important to make accurate, real-time measurements and analyzes of drilling data in order to minimize the cost of failure. The measurement of wellbore shape while drilling is considered to be a very crucial component of detecting drilling problems, such as the stability of the borehole wall. Wells borehole shape anomalies allow us to draw conclusions from the stress field point of view, accurate borehole caliper measurement while drilling also allows us to determine the amount of cement in a shorter period of time, at the same time with ultrasonic sensor drill bit not only accurate The measured fluid flow rate will also help the driller to monitor the scour along the drill pipe at any time. Using the accuracy of ultrasonic sensor measurements, this paper presents a real-time evaluation of wellbore diameters in drilling fluids with different mud weights and additives. A fully automated test equipment has been designed and tested under different drilling conditions. The head of the test instrument can be used to make vertical and horizontal movements in artificial simulated wellbores with different fluids. In addition, when the bubble is added to the mud, the borehole size can also be measured with a sensor. Such instruments have been used on many occasions to test the caliper’s radial position within the wellbore, including different targets for internal borehole modeling such as latch-up and dogleginess. The wellbore profile can be measured with different axial and rotational speeds. Comparison of simulated values with ultrasonic measurements with those recorded during drilling can be used to estimate the accuracy of the drill string at various speeds. At the same time, it also shows that bubbles can be detected and compensated for measurement errors with the proper accuracy if a circle fitting method, such as the Kasa method, is used in conjunction with a reliable error model.