目的了解深圳市福田区存在职业病危害的印刷、汽修和电子行业等3类行业有机溶剂使用及防护情况,为职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对2011—2012年辖区内3类行业138家企业280份有机溶剂挥发性组分检测结果及使用信息调查结果进行分类汇总分析。结果 280份样品有机溶剂说明书、产品标签、物料安全说明资料提供率分别为7.9%、42.5%、16.4%;主要检出甲苯、甲醇、异丙醇和正己烷等,检出率分别为29.3%、21.4%、21.1%和18.6%;高风险职业病危害因素以正己烷检出率较高,为18.6%。138家企业中,采用全面机械通风设施的企业占49.3%,其中设置有效局部通风设施的企业占36.2%。汽修行业的企业有效局部通风设施设置率和个人防护用品配备率分别高于印刷和电子行业(92.6%vs 17.4%、92.6%vs 40.0%,92.6%vs 31.4%、92.6%vs 44.0%,P<0.01)。53家企业设置宣传栏,71家企业工作场所粘贴警示标志,30家企业有劳动者培训制度及培训记录。结论目前甲苯、甲醇、异丙醇和正己烷为辖区内的主要职业病危害因素。需加强对辖区内职业病防治工作的监督管理力度,促使企业加强对有机溶剂使用的管理,积极采取预防措施,减少职业病危害事故的发生。 Objective To understand the use and protection of organic solvents in 3 industries such as printing, auto repair and electronics industries in Futian District, Shenzhen, which provide occupational hazards and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods 280 cases of volatile organic compounds from 138 enterprises in three kinds of industries in the jurisdiction area from 2011 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results The data of 280 samples of organic solvents, product label and material safety information were provided in 7.9%, 42.5% and 16.4% respectively. The detection rates of toluene, methanol, isopropanol and n-hexane were 29.3% 21.4%, 21.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The detection rate of high-risk occupational diseases was higher in n-hexane (18.6%). Among the 138 enterprises, 49.3% were enterprises with full mechanical ventilation and 36.2% were enterprises with effective local ventilation. The effective local ventilation installation rate and personal protective equipment provision rate in the auto repair industry were higher than those in the printing and electronics industries respectively (92.6% vs 17.4%, 92.6% vs 40.0%, 92.6% vs 31.4%, 92.6% vs 44.0%, P <0.01). 53 companies set up a publicity column, 71 corporate workplace paste warning signs, 30 companies have employee training system and training records. Conclusion At present, toluene, methanol, isopropanol and n-hexane are the major occupational hazards in the area. It is necessary to step up the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and control work within its jurisdiction so as to urge enterprises to step up the management of the use of organic solvents and actively take precautionary measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational disease-endangering accidents.