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采用中国29个地区的省际面板数据和系统广义矩方法,本文估计了决策者收入优势对中国地方总量及分类财政支出的影响。实证结果表明,决策者收入优势对总量财政支出扩张存在显著的正向贡献;分类支出研究表明,决策者收入优势对财政支出也有结构性偏向作用。总体来说,决策者收入优势倾向扩大资本性支出,但对社会保障补助支出却未存在同样的作用。这一结论表明,决策者收入优势(从而收入差距)已构成中国财政支出迅速扩张和结构扭曲的另一个重要原因,意味着收入分配结构调整已成为建设公共财政的一个重要环节。
Based on the panel data and the system generalized moment method in 29 regions of China, this paper estimates the influence of policy-makers’ income advantage on the total amount of local governments in China and the classified fiscal expenditures. The empirical results show that the policy-maker’s income advantage has a significant positive contribution to the total fiscal expenditure expansion. The research on distributive expenditure shows that the policy-maker’s income advantage also has a structural bias toward fiscal expenditure. In general, policy-makers tend to expand their capital expenditures because of their income advantage, but they do not have the same effect on social security subsidies. This conclusion shows that the income advantage of policymakers (and hence the income gap) has constituted another important reason for the rapid expansion of fiscal expenditure and structural distortion in China, suggesting that the adjustment of income distribution structure has become an important link in the construction of public finance.