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一、引言: 根据試管中多次試驗,43种菌株对氯霉素的敏感度均在0.75-5微克/毫升之間(見戴自英著“实用抗生素学”),人体口服氯霉素1.0-2.0克,12小时后血清浓度可达16-48毫克/毫升,此浓度超过伤寒杆菌的敏感度20-100倍。 1953年戴林二氏用氯霉素1克疗法和3克疗法,比較其疗效相仿,小剂量氯霉素治疗防寒既可減輕病人的負担,也可避免大剂量引起毒性反应。此法疗效良好,已为公認,戴林二氏在用1克氯霉素治疗伤寒时,測定血清浓度,当剂量为每六小时0.25克时,80％的病例血清氯霉素浓度达到12.5毫克/毫升以上,超过伤寒杆菌敏感度2-10倍之多,故本院自1957至1958年采用合霉素小剂量疗法。共分三組,第一組成人每天1克量,小儿每天25-50毫克/公斤体重;第二組每天成人1-2克,小儿每天50-100毫克/公斤体重;第三組每天成人2
I. INTRODUCTION According to multiple tests in vitro, the susceptibility of 43 strains to chloramphenicol all ranged from 0.75 to 5 μg / ml (see Dai Ziying, Practical Antibiotics), and oral chloramphenicol 1.0-2.0 G, 12 hours after the serum concentration of up to 16-48 mg / ml, this concentration exceeds Salmonella sensitivity 20-100 times. In 1953, Dai Lin’s second chloramphenicol 1 gram therapy and 3 grams of treatment, compared with similar efficacy, low-dose chloramphenicol cold treatment can reduce the burden on patients, but also to avoid large doses of toxic reactions. This method has proven to be effective and has been well-established. Delin’s serum concentration was measured at 1 gram of chloramphenicol for treatment of typhoid fever. At a dosage of 0.25 grams every six hours, 80% of the patients had serum chloramphenicol concentrations of 12.5 mg / Ml above, more than 2-10 times the sensitivity of typhoid bacillus, so our hospital from 1957 to 1958 with small doses of hypoxemia therapy. Divided into three groups, the first group of adult 1 gram daily, children 25-50 mg / kg body weight per day; the second group of adults 1-2 grams daily, pediatric daily 50-100 mg / kg body weight; the third group daily adult 2