一、确立目标近年来，铁路运输业在质量管理方面已积累了不少经验，改善管理的效益日益突出。但从铁路运输业的整体看，全面质量管理活动，还没有完全摆脱传统的以条条为系统、以单位为管理对象的模式，由此不免造成了能量的内耗和能力的空费。 I. Establishing the Objectives In recent years, the rail transport industry has accumulated a great deal of experience in quality management and the benefits of improving management have become increasingly prominent. However, from the perspective of the railway transport industry as a whole, the total quality management activities have not completely got rid of the traditional mode of using the system as the object and the unit as the object of management, thus inevitably resulting in the empty charge of energy consumption and capacity.