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目的了解云南省城区儿童哮喘的流行现状、危险因素及其治疗情况,为进一步规范儿童哮喘的诊治及预防提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,通过自填式问卷调查与集中调查相结合的方式进行调查。对于初筛问卷中的可疑哮喘患儿按哮喘诊断标准进行诊断,对确诊的哮喘患儿填写哮喘儿童调查表。建立问卷数据库,并对数据进行整理、分析。结果云南省两城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.24%。哮喘患儿中既往诊断为哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘的为66.37%。哮喘患儿中使用抗生素治疗的有69.64%,使用支气管舒张剂治疗的有54.76%,吸入激素治疗有60.71%。家族过敏史、早产、房屋装修、烟草烟雾暴露等因素为哮喘发病的独立危险因素。结论云南省城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率较10年前有明显增加。仍需进一步规范哮喘患儿诊治方法。预防早产、减少室内外污染、及时治疗变应性疾病及预防呼吸道感染是减少哮喘患病和预防哮喘发作的有效方法。
Objective To understand the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of childhood asthma in urban areas of Yunnan Province, and to provide basis for further regulating the diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A random cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate through self-contained questionnaire and centralized investigation. For the preliminary screening of suspicious asthma in children diagnosed according to asthma diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of asthma children fill in asthma children questionnaire. Establish a questionnaire database, and organize and analyze the data. Results The prevalence of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 in two districts of Yunnan Province was 1.24%. Previously diagnosed asthmatic children with asthma and cough variant asthma was 66.37%. In children with asthma, 69.64% were treated with antibiotics, 54.76% with bronchodilators, and 60.71% with inhaled steroids. Family history of allergy, premature delivery, house decoration, tobacco smoke exposure and other factors are independent risk factors for asthma. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Yunnan Province is significantly higher than that of 10 years ago. Still need to further regulate the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children. Preventing premature birth, reducing indoor and outdoor pollution, timely treatment of allergic diseases and prevention of respiratory tract infection is to reduce asthma and prevent asthma attacks an effective method.