论文部分内容阅读
对卢梭的人类发展观进行探析,可以追溯其设想的4个人类状态的特点以及它们是如何过渡转化的:他把人类的最初样态设想为一个在天然情感支配下的自由平等的自然状态;随着自然情感中自保心与怜悯心由平衡发展到此消彼长,人类由短暂的黄金时期即中间状态过渡到现在不平等深渊的社会状态;为了改变令人不满的现实,卢梭寄希望于公正契约下的政治架构和自然主义的教育,以恢复并提升人们的自然情感,从而建立一个更高级的人类状态,即文明社会。分析认为,卢梭设想的人类状态具有乌托邦性质,因为他关于自然状态、中间状态和社会状态乃至将来的文明社会的理论模型在历史中不曾出现过、在现实中也不存在、甚至在将来也很难实现,但它符合人们的美好想象与愿景。
An analysis of Rousseau’s concept of human development can be traced back to the characteristics of the four human states envisioned and their transitional transformation: he conceived the first form of mankind as a natural state of freedom and equality under the control of natural sentiments; With the natural feelings of self-preservation and compassion developed from balance to balance, humankind has transitioned from a short golden period, the intermediate state, to the present social state of unequal abyss. In order to change the unsatisfactory reality, Rousseau hopes The political structure and naturalistic education under a fair contract to restore and enhance people’s natural emotions so as to establish a more advanced human condition, namely a civilized society. The analysis holds that Rousseau envisions the state of human beings as utopian because his theoretical model of a civilized society on natural state, intermediate state and social state, and even in the future has never appeared in history nor in reality, even in the future Difficult to achieve, but it is in line with the people’s beautiful imagination and vision.