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通过大范围、多地点的钻孔调查,在浙江余杭茅山居住遗址周围发现了大面积新石器时代晚期的稻田耕作遗迹。基于土壤的植物种子和硅酸体分析,对古稻田生态进行了复原,对当时稻田生产力水平进行了评估。分析结果显示,新石器时代晚期的稻田土壤中除了稻谷遗存,还发现有27种其他植物种实遗存,呈现出湿地稻作的农田植被生态景观。良渚文化晚期和广富林文化时期的稻田土壤植物种子库密度分别为5400粒/m~2和17138粒/m~2,比新石器时代中期稻田土壤中的密度明显减少,表明新石器时代晚期稻作农耕技术和管理水平有较大的进步。在良渚文化晚期和广富林文化时期的稻田植物群落中,多年生植物种群分别占68.18%和61.54%,水生、湿生植物种群分别占63.64%和65.38%。稻田土壤中高密度的炭屑以及以多年生和水生、湿生植物为主的植物群落构成表明没有深耕的火耕水耨可能是当时农田的主要耕作方式。良渚文化晚期和广富林文化时期的稻田土壤水稻硅酸体密度很高,分别为47000粒/g和42000粒/g,平均达44000粒/g。根据硅酸体与稻谷重量的关系,初步估算茅山遗址新石器时代晚期的单位面积产量约为141kg/亩,比该地区新石器时代中期稻田生产力有显著的提高。
Through large-scale and multi-site drilling survey, a large area of late Neolithic rice farming relics were found around the living sites in Maoshan, Zhejiang Province. Based on the analysis of soil-based plant seeds and silicate, the ecology of ancient paddy fields was restored and the productivity of paddy fields at the time was evaluated. The results showed that in addition to the remains of rice in the late Neolithic soils, 27 other species were still found, which showed the ecological landscape of the farmland in paddy fields. In late Liangzhu culture and Guangfu Lin culture period, the seed bank density of paddy soils were 5400 seeds / m 2 and 17138 seeds / m 2, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in the mid-Neolithic paddy soils, indicating that the Neolithic age Late rice farming techniques and management have made great progress. In late Liangzhu culture period and Guangfu forest culture period, the perennial plant population accounted for 68.18% and 61.54% respectively, and the aquatic and wetland plants accounted for 63.64% and 65.38% respectively. High-density charcoals from rice paddy soils, and plant communities dominated by perennial and aquatic and wetland plants, suggested that no deep-plowing of firefed pomfret might be the main farming practice at that time. In the late Liangzhu culture and Guangfu Lin culture period, paddy field rice had high silicic acid density of 47000 seeds / g and 42000 seeds / g respectively, with an average of 44000 seeds / g. According to the relationship between silicate and the weight of rice, it is estimated that the yield per unit area in the late Neolithic of Maoshan was about 141kg / mu, which was significantly higher than that in the mid-Neolithic.