小儿斜颈,又叫歪脖子,是一种比较常见的畸形疾患。这种患儿脖子老是歪向一侧,如果用手将脖子转向另一侧时,则感到阻力较大,转不过来。发生斜颈的原因主要有两种。一种是胸锁乳突肌出了毛病。这块肌肉位于颈部,一侧各有一块,呈长条状,一头附着在耳后,另一头向前下方附着在颈胸交界处胸锁关节附近。一侧收缩时,头向同侧倾斜,脸转向对侧。两侧同时收缩时,协助其它肌肉使头后仰。如果胎儿在子宫中受到异常压力,先天发育缺陷,或分娩困难受到损伤,便可造成一侧胸锁乳突肌短缩,使孩子的头向同侧倾斜发病。 Pediatric torticollis, also known as crooked neck, is a more common deformity disease. This child’s neck is always crooked to the side, if the hand to turn the neck to the other side, then feel greater resistance, turn around. There are two main reasons for torticollis. One is the sternocleidomastoid muscle problems. This muscle is located in the neck, one on each side of a piece, was elongated, one attached to the ear, the other end attached to the bottom of the cervix at the junction of the sternoclavicular joint. Side contraction, head to the same side of the tilt, face turned to the opposite side. At the same time on both sides of the contraction, to help other muscles so that the head backwards. If the fetus in the uterus by abnormal pressure, birth defects, or childbirth difficulties are injured, can cause side sternocleidomastoid muscle shortening, so that the child’s head tilt to the same side of the disease.