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硼酸锌是一种新型高效无机阻燃剂。为了优化制备硼酸锌的反应条件并研究其阻燃性能,以七水硫酸锌和硼砂为原料,采用微波水热法合成硼酸锌(4ZnO·B_2O_3·H_2O),通过XRD、SEM、TG-DTA进行表征并对其阻燃性能进行测试。优化后的实验条件为:锌与硼砂物质的量的比为1∶1.2,固液质量比为1∶10,140℃下微波水热反应时间为10min。该条件下所得硼酸锌的失水温度高于415℃,形貌呈不规则片状,厚度约为100nm;添加质量分数为10%的该样品于木屑中,400℃时的残碳率与纯木屑样品相比高约27%。在制备硼酸锌过程中,添加硬脂酸钠或含有硬脂酸钠的复配修饰剂后,改性效果均较好,所得样品亲油疏水,且样品形貌有变化。其中同时添加硬脂酸钠和聚乙二醇所得样品为分散较均匀的纳米棒,直径为50~80nm。
Zinc borate is a new and efficient inorganic flame retardant. In order to optimize the reaction conditions of preparing zinc borate and study its flame retardant properties, zinc borate (4ZnO · B_2O_3 · H_2O) was synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using zinc sulfate heptahydrate and borax as raw materials, and XRD, SEM and TG-DTA Characterize and test its flame retardant properties. The optimal experimental conditions are as follows: the ratio of zinc to borax is 1: 1.2, the mass ratio of solid to liquid is 1:10, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 10 min at 140 ℃. Under these conditions, the temperature of dehydration of zinc borate is higher than 415 ℃, the morphology is irregular flake and the thickness is about 100nm. When the mass fraction of this sample is 10%, the residual carbon in 400 ℃ is almost the same as pure Sawdust samples were about 27% higher. In the preparation of zinc borate, the addition of sodium stearate or sodium stearate complex modifier, the modification effect is good, the resulting sample lipophilic hydrophobic, and the sample morphology changes. The samples obtained by adding sodium stearate and polyethylene glycol at the same time are the nano-rods with a diameter of 50-80 nm which are uniformly dispersed.