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在政治经济学史上,第一次较为详尽地分析了资本主义社会的基本收入并比较正确地描述了资本主义社会阶级结构的,是英国古典经济学家亚当·斯密。他在自己首创的政治经济学理论体系中深刻地研究了工资、利润和地租等经济范畴,并依据对于这些经济范畴的分析,在一定程度上深入到了资本主义经济关系的内部,从而对资本主义社会的阶级结构进行了墓本上符合客观现实的划分,从中“认识到了剩余价值的真正起源”。通观斯密的全部经济理论,这方面的内容实际上是他全部理论的核心。
In the history of political economy, for the first time a more detailed analysis of the basic income of capitalist society and a more accurate description of the class structure of capitalist society is the British classic economist Adam Smith. In his pioneering theoretical system of political economy, he profoundly studied the economic categories of wages, profits and land rent, and based on the analysis of these economic categories, to a certain extent, went deep into the internal relations of capitalist economy, thus capitalism The class structure of society carries on the division of the tomb in conformity with the objective reality, from which “the real origin of surplus value” is realized. Throughout Smith's entire theory of the economy, this is in fact the essence of all his theories.