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新的2010年海水热力学方程TEOS-10采用1990年国际温标以及考虑世界大洋海水组成空间差异的绝对盐度,与旧的1980年海水状态方程EOS-80相比,具有更高的准确度和更广的适用范围,能够直接计算包括熵、焓、热容量在内的旧方程无法计算的热力学变量,将给海洋学研究带来重要的影响。借助气候态平均数据计算的结果表明,新旧方程计算的密度之差,在全球大多数海域可超过10-2kg/m3。在赤道以北的太平洋和印度洋海域,包括中国东海和南海的深海区域,该差别尤为显著,在精度要求较高的研究中必须予以考虑。新方程对密度计算的这一修正主要归因于其首次提出的绝对盐度,考虑了包括中性溶质在内的所有溶质的作用,弥补了实用盐标的缺陷。新旧方程计算冰点等其他物理量也有相应的修正。应尽快推广应用TEOS-10以及绝对盐度,充分发挥其对海洋学发展的推动作用。
The new 2010 seawater thermodynamic equation TEOS-10 uses the 1990 International Temperature Scale and the absolute salinity that takes into account the spatial differences in the composition of the world’s oceans and seas. Compared with the old 1980 EOS-80 equation for seawater state, TEOS-10 has higher accuracy and more Wide range of applications, can directly calculate the thermodynamic variables can not be calculated, including the entropy, enthalpy, heat capacity, the old equation will have a significant impact on oceanographic research. Calculations based on averages of climatological states indicate that the difference in density calculated by the old and new equations can exceed 10-2 kg / m3 in most of the world. This difference is particularly significant in the Pacific and Indian Oceans north of the equator, including in the deep sea areas of the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and must be considered in studies of higher precision. This correction of the new equation for density calculation is mainly due to its first absolute salinity proposed, taking into account the effect of all solutes including neutral solute, making up for the deficiencies of practical salt standards. The old and new equations to calculate the freezing point and other physical quantities are also corresponding amendments. The application of TEOS-10 and its absolute salinity should be popularized as soon as possible and give full play to its role in promoting the development of oceanography.