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目的探讨蓄电池企业铅接触对工人外周血液的影响。方法对福建省9家蓄电池生产企业职工1 943人进行职业健康体检,分析铅接触对外周血液的影响。按铅接触程度(超标组血铅≥400μg/L、无超标组血铅<400μg/L)、铅接触工龄(<1年、1~3年、≥3年)、年龄(15~39岁、40~70岁)、性别,对实验室检测结果进行单因素和多因素分析。结果工龄长、年龄大、女性,是血红蛋白下降的危险因素;铅接触超标、铅接触工龄长和男性,是血小板异常的危险因素。未发现对白细胞(WBC)数和红细胞(RBC)数有影响。结论铅接触对血红蛋白、血小板有影响,且随接触时间的增加而增大,年龄、性别对血红蛋白下降、血小板异常也有影响。蓄电池生产企业应采取措施降低工作场所空气中铅浓度,加强个体防护和职业卫生管理,以保护劳动者健康。
Objective To investigate the influence of lead exposure on workers’ peripheral blood in battery enterprises. Methods A total of 1 943 workers from 9 battery manufacturing enterprises in Fujian Province were tested for occupational health, and the influence of lead exposure on peripheral blood was analyzed. The lead exposure duration (<1 year, 1-3 years, ≥ 3 years), age (15-39 years old, 40 ~ 70 years old), gender, single-factor and multivariate analysis of laboratory test results. The results of long working age, age, women, is a risk factor for hemoglobin decline; excessive lead exposure, lead exposure to length of service and men, is a risk factor for platelet abnormalities. No effect on number of white blood cells (WBCs) and number of red blood cells (RBCs) was found. Conclusion Lead exposure has an impact on hemoglobin and platelets, and increases with the increase of exposure time. Age and sex also affect hemoglobin and platelet abnormalities. Battery manufacturers should take measures to reduce lead concentrations in the air at workplaces and strengthen individual protection and occupational health management to protect the health of workers.