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根系泌氧(radial oxygen loss,ROL)是水稻在长期淹水状况下从土壤中有效获得养分的重要机制之一,对水稻的生长发育具有重要意义。近年来,研究人员发现并阐明了水稻根系泌氧对于包括厌氧菌、好氧菌及兼性厌氧菌在内的土壤微生物种群数量和种群多样性的影响;大量研究也报道了根系泌氧能促进水稻根际土壤中有机氮的矿化。土壤有机氮矿化与土壤中的微生物区系密切相关,二者之间的相互作用进一步促进水稻对氮素营养的吸收与代谢。本文就水稻根系泌氧对土壤微生物区系和有机质矿化作用的影响进行综述,系统介绍了水稻根系泌氧可能的机理、对微生物区系的影响以及对有机氮矿化的促进作用,提出了目前水稻根系泌氧研究所面临的问题,并展望了水稻根系泌氧的研究前景。
Radial oxygen loss (ROL) is one of the most important mechanisms for effectively obtaining nutrients from soil under long-term flooding conditions and has important significance for the growth and development of rice. In recent years, researchers have discovered and clarified the effect of root oxygenation in rice on soil microbial populations and population diversity, including anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes. A large number of studies also reported that root oxygenation Can promote the mineralization of organic nitrogen in rice rhizosphere soil. Soil organic nitrogen mineralization is closely related to the microbial flora in soil, and the interaction between them further promotes the absorption and metabolism of nitrogen nutrition in rice. In this paper, the effects of oxygenation on soil microbial flora and organic matter mineralization in rice roots were reviewed. The possible mechanism of oxygen production in rice roots, the impact on microbial flora and the promotion of organic nitrogen mineralization were systematically introduced At present, the research on the root oxygenation in rice is facing the problem and the prospect of oxygenation in rice root is forecasted.