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30多年来,在危地马拉社会发展研究中,现代化论、依附论、内部殖民地论和生产方式结合论曾先后占据主导地位。理论的替代反映了研究的深化,并展示了危地马拉发展研究的基本脉络。五六十年代,影响危地马拉发展研究的主导理论是当时风靡西方的现代化论。现代化论是古典进化论与现代结构功能主义相结合的产物。它认为,现代化是社会核心价值观发生转变带来的平稳、有序的社会变迁过程。这一转变既可源于社会内部,也可在外力影响下发生。原始的或传统的社会能够而且必然在同现代社会的交往中发展起来。然而,当一些学者把这一理论运用于危地马拉发展研究时,却遇到了一系列问题。社会
For more than 30 years, in the study of Guatemala’s social development, the theories of modernization, dependency theory, the theory of internal colonialism and the mode of production have successively dominated. The substitution of theory reflects the deepening of the study and shows the basic context of Guatemala’s developmental research. In the 1950s and 1960s, the dominant theory that influenced the study of Guatemala’s development was the modernization that prevailed in the West. The theory of modernization is a product of the combination of classical evolutionism and modern structural functionalism. It believes that modernization is a smooth and orderly process of social change brought about by the change in the core values of society. This shift can originate both within society and under the influence of external forces. The primitive or traditional society can and must develop in the modern society. However, when some scholars applied this theory to the development of Guatemala’s studies, they encountered a series of problems. society