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目的了解大同市南郊区麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对大同市南郊区2004-2010年麻疹发病情况进行统计分析。结果 7年累计报告病例579例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率18.54/10万。病例以散发为主,伴局部暴发;有明显的季节流行高峰,5月份为高峰,4～6月为高发;经济发达、流动人口多的乡镇年平均发病率高;异地户籍人口发病率明显高于本地户籍;发病以15岁以下儿童为主,占总病例的83.4%;579例病例中无免疫史和免疫史不祥的分别占27.5%和56.7%。结论接种率低是造成麻疹发病的主要原因,因此普及麻疹防治知识,加强流动人口管理,加强入托、入学儿童查验接种证工作,有计划的开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫工作,提高疫苗接种率是控制麻疹的主要策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in southern suburbs of Datong and provide a scientific basis for formulating measles elimination strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in southern suburbs of Datong from 2004 to 2010. Results A total of 579 cases were reported in 7 years without any deaths, with an average annual incidence of 18.54 / 100000. The cases were predominantly sporadic and accompanied by local outbreaks. There was a clear peak season of the epidemic, with a peak in May and a high incidence in April-June. The average annual incidence rate of towns with economically developed and migrant populations was high, and the incidence of off-site hukou populations was significantly higher In the local area, the incidence was mainly children under 15 years old, accounting for 83.4% of the total cases. In 579 cases, 27.5% and 56.7% had no history of immunization and no history of immunization. Conclusion The low vaccination rate is the main cause of measles. Therefore, popularizing knowledge about measles prevention and control, strengthening the management of floating population, strengthening the examination of vaccination certificates for nursery schools and children enrolled in schools, carrying out measles vaccine intensive immunization work in a planned way and raising vaccination rate to control measles The main strategy.