本文以土改和合作化小说为中心,通过村庄中的文书行政的运行轨迹来看国家和自然村庄如何相遇、文学如何型塑这一历史进程。土改前后农村社会地理空间和人际关系都发生了深刻改变,其中,以小学教员为代表的乡村小知识分子在乡村中承担着新的国家管理功能,新型的人际关系和具体灵活的管理形式有效地促进了文书行政的下行,小说也呈现了从土改到合作化过程中农民小知识分子改造的难题。 This paper takes the land reform and the co-operative novel as the center and see how the country and the natural village meet each other through the running track of the clerical administration in the village. Before and after the land reform rural social geography space and interpersonal relationships have undergone profound changes. Among them, the small rural intellectuals represented by primary school teachers bear the new state management function in the villages. The new interpersonal relationships and the concrete and flexible management forms effectively Promoted the downwards of clerical administration, and the novel also presented the problem of the transformation of peasant petty intellectuals from land reform to co-operation.