笼统地把文艺视为意识形态,或认为文艺是与意识形态相适应的社会意识形式,具意识形态性,都把文艺泛意识形态化。这些观点既不符合马克思《政治经济学批判序言》的原意,也不符合中外文学史的实际。马克思在《序言》中明确把文艺视为一定基础上的社会意识形式,其中部分属于意识形态文艺。文学史上存在着大量的非意识形态文艺和带意识形态性文艺。马克思关于意识形态和自由的精神生产区别的观点,说明应使意识形态文艺和自由生产的文艺并行不悖的发展。 Generally speaking, literature and art are regarded as ideologies, or literature and arts are social ideologies that are compatible with ideology. They are all ideological and pan-conscious literary formations. These views neither accord with the original intention of Marx’s “Preamble of Political Economics Criticism,” nor accord with the reality of the history of Chinese and foreign literature. Marx clearly defined literature and art as a certain form of social consciousness in the Preface, some of which belonged to ideological literature and art. There are a lot of non-ideological literature and art and ideological literature and art in the history of literature. Marx’s point of view on the difference between the spiritual production of ideology and freedom shows that the development of ideological literature and art and the free production of literature and art should go hand in hand.