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目的分析中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)1993～2006年本土麻疹病毒基因型和基因亚型的流行趋势。方法依据全国麻疹实验室网络监测数据库、中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室病毒学监测数据库,分析中国麻疹病毒分子流行病学资料。结果1993～2006年,从29个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)分离到748株麻疹病毒,其中743株为H1基因型,1株为H2基因型,1株为A基因型,3株为疫苗相关A基因型。在H1基因型中,684株为H1a基因亚型,50株为H1b基因亚型,9株为H1c基因亚型。从29个省分离到H1a基因亚型(西藏、湖北省未开展),H1b基因亚型只从10个省分离到,H1c基因亚型在1993～1994年从4个省分离到。自2000年以来,H1a基因亚型逐年成为优势流行亚型,并呈上升趋势;H1b基因亚型逐年转为弱势,其传播于2006年被阻断;而H1c基因亚型的流行自1995年已经消失。结论通过对1993～2006年中国29个省流行的麻疹病毒分子流行病学的系统研究,阐明了在麻疹控制和加速控制阶段中国流行的麻疹野病毒的基因变异规律,以及病毒基因型别在地域和年代上的分布,证实H1基因型是中国近14年麻疹病毒流行的绝对优势本土基因型,其中H1a逐渐成为中国近几年流行的绝对优势基因亚型。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of genotypes and genotypes of measles virus from 1993 to 2006 in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). Methods According to the national network of measles laboratory monitoring database, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention virus prevention and control of national measles laboratory virology monitoring database, analysis of Chinese measles virus molecular epidemiological data. Results From 1993 to 2006, 748 measles viruses were isolated from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), of which 743 were H1 genotypes, 1 genotype was H2 genotype, 1 was genotype A and 3 was genotype Vaccine associated genotype A. Among the H1 genotypes, 684 were H1a genotypes, 50 were H1b genotypes and 9 were H1c genotypes. H1a genotypes were isolated from 29 provinces (Tibet, Hubei Province did not carry out), H1b gene subtype was isolated from only 10 provinces, H1c gene subtype was isolated from 4 provinces in 1993 ~ 1994. Since 2000, the subtype H1a subtype has become the predominant epidemic subtype every year, and is on the rise; the subtype H1b subtype has been turned to the disadvantage year by year, and its transmission was blocked in 2006; while the H1c subtype has been popular since 1995 disappear. Conclusions The molecular epidemiology of measles virus epidemic in 29 provinces of China from 1993 to 2006 is elucidated. The genetic variation of measles wild virus in China during measles control and accelerated phase control is clarified. And the distribution on the age, confirmed H1 genotype is China’s nearly 14-year epidemic of measles virus absolutely dominant native genotypes, H1a which has gradually become China’s dominant absolute genotype in recent years.