从陕西产山荷叶(Diphylleia sinensis Li.)根茎中分得9个木脂素和1个黄酮化合物,通过光谱分析证明化合物Ⅸ为新木脂素,即苦鬼臼素-1-乙基醚(picropodophyllin-1-ethyl ether),其它化合物分别为鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin,Ⅰ)、异苦鬼臼酮(isopicropodophyllone,Ⅱ)、去氢鬼臼毒素(dehydropodophyllotoxin,Ⅲ)、山荷叶素(diphyllin,Ⅳ)、苦鬼臼素(picropodophyllin,Ⅴ)、鬼臼酯酮(podophyllotoxone,Ⅵ)、4′-去甲基鬼臼毒素(4′-demethylpodophyllotoxin,Ⅶ)、苦鬼臼素葡萄糖甙(picropodophyllin slucoside,Ⅷ)和山奈酚(kaempferol,Ⅹ)。其中化合物Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ和Ⅷ为首次从山荷叶属植物中分得。 Nine lignans and one flavonoid were obtained from the roots of Diphylleia sinensis Li. from Shaanxi province. Compound IX was proved to be a new lignan by the spectroscopic analysis, that is, pictilin-1-ethylether. (picropodophyllin-1-ethyl ether), other compounds are podophyllotoxin (I), isopicropodophyllone (II), dehydropodophyllotoxin (III), diphyllin , IV), picropodophyllin (V), podophyllotoxone (VI), 4′-demethylpodophyllotoxin (VII), picropodophyllin Slucoside, VIII) and kaempferol (X). Compounds II, VI, VII and VIII were isolated from the plants of the genus Annamaria for the first time.