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成语是一种相沿习用、具有书面语性质的固定词组。其主要来源为千百年前的神话寓言、历史故事和诗文中的名篇佳句。因此,成语在语法结构、语音特点、语义要素等方面还保留有较为明显的历时色彩。换言之,汉语成语和古代汉语的关系相当密切,因为,汉语成语保留了大量的古代汉语的标志,也就是,古代汉语的许多语法现象通过成语得以保存。比如,名词作状语是古代汉语的基本语法特征,这一古代汉语的基本语法特征在现代汉语成语里的出现频率具有明显的倾向性。那么,现代汉语成语里名词作状语现象到底有多少?这一现象是以一种方式出现的还是可以分为不同类别的?形成这一现象的原因是什么?下面,我们以《中国成语大辞典》(上海辞书出版社,2007,下同)为对象,对汉语四字格成语名词作状语现象进行定量描写和定性分析,考察形成这一现象的基本动因。
An idiom is a kind of fixed phrase that has the characteristics of written language. The main source for thousands of years ago, the myths and fables, historical stories and poems in the famous sentence Sentences. Therefore, the idioms in the grammatical structure, phonetic features, semantic elements, etc. also retained a more obvious diachronic. In other words, the relationship between Chinese idioms and ancient Chinese is quite close because Chinese idioms retain a large number of signs of ancient Chinese. That is, many grammatical phenomena in ancient Chinese are preserved through idioms. For example, nouns as adverbial are the basic grammatical features of ancient Chinese. The basic grammatical features of this ancient Chinese have obvious tendencies in modern Chinese idioms. So, in modern Chinese idioms nouns as an adverbial phenomenon in the end how many? This phenomenon is a way to appear or can be divided into different categories? The formation of this phenomenon for what? Here, we use the “Chinese idioms Dictionary ”(Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 2007, the same below) as the object, quantitative description and qualitative analysis of idioms of Chinese four-character idioms are used as adverbs, and the basic motivation for forming this phenomenon is investigated.