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脑缺血再灌注损伤通常见于缺血性卒中血管再通和心脏骤停恢复自主循环后，与神经功能转归不良密切相关，目前尚无有效的干预措施。外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡，可通过血脑屏障，具有良好的生物相容性和较低的免疫原性。研究显示，不同细胞来源的外泌体介导的细胞间通讯可能在脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理生理学过程中发挥有益作用，具有潜在的治疗价值。文章对外泌体在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用进行了综述。“,”Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is usually seen after recanalization of blood vessels in patients with ischemic stroke and after recovery of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest. It is closely associated with the poor neurological outcome. At present, there is no effective intervention measure. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells, which can pass through the blood-brain barrier and have good biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity. Studies have shown that the intercellular communication mediated by exosomes from different cell sources may play a beneficial role in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and have potential therapeutic value. This article reviews the roles of exosomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.