1. Introduction
　　This paper presents a study of spatial frames of reference （FoRs） in semantic typology. This study involved the collection and analysis of data from American university students’ natural speech regarding how they describe directions and locations. By combining and comparing the information in demographic surveys such as their use of second language with their choice of frames of reference， the study aims to find relations between reference frame use on the one hand and demographic and environmental variables on the other. In previous research about semantic typology， researchers sometimes used a stimulus kit that targets a particular semantic domain， and collected data with said stimulus set from speakers of a particular language. It is the same with my experiment which the stimulus kit are four animals. This study follows the protocol of the Talking Animals task. My research questions are：
　　1） What is the general use of frames of reference for small-scale spatial reference among American university students？
　　2） What factors influence their use of frames of reference？
　　2. Method and data gathering
　　I followed the methods used by Tucker （2012）. The task was conducted in a seminar room to elicit diverse frames of reference （Li