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以渤海湾津唐沿海地带895份野生大豆种群在高盐碱(3%)环境下的全生育期鉴定试验,分析不同种群(株系)的生长发育动态以及对盐碱土壤生态适应性的分化。结果表明,出苗阶段存在3种耐盐碱能力类型:耐高盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;耐低盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;盐胁迫不能发芽出苗。在高盐胁迫下营养生长早期阶段种群死亡率最高,中期以后相对降低,成熟期死亡率较低。种群植株形态建成和生殖生长受到高盐胁迫的强烈抑制,表现早期严重而后期较轻。植株和产量性状的受害程度由大到小依次为:单株的地上干物质重、单株产量、种子数、百粒重和收获指数。株系间变异系数从大到小依次为:单株产量、种子数、荚数、收获指数、地上干物质重、百粒重。研究揭示该地域种群内对盐碱土壤有很高的适应性分化,存在高耐盐碱生态型。
The whole growth period of 895 wild soybean populations in highland saline (3%) environment in the coastal area of Jinhai, Bohai Bay was studied, and the growth and development dynamics of different populations (strains) and their ecological adaptability to saline-alkali soil were analyzed . The results showed that there were three types of salt-tolerance ability in the emergence stage: germination and emergence under high salt-alkali stress; seedling emergence under low salt-alkaline stress; and seedling emergence under salt stress. Under high salt stress, the mortality in the early stage of vegetative growth was the highest, the relative mortality was lower after the middle period, and the mortality in mature stage was lower. The establishment of plant population and reproductive growth were strongly inhibited by high salt stress, showing severe early stage and less late stage. Plant and yield traits affected in descending order were as follows: single plant above ground dry matter weight, per plant yield, seed number, 100-grain weight and harvest index. The coefficient of variation among the lines from big to small were as follows: yield per plant, number of seeds, pods, harvest index, dry matter weight on the ground and 100 kernel weight. The study revealed that there is a high adaptive differentiation of saline-alkali soil within the population of this area, and there is a high salt-alkali-tolerant ecological type.