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1 The export collection is introduced
According to the international chamber of commerce in the uniform rules for collections UCR522， collection refers to the collection to the entrusted by the exporter， send documents to the collecting bank， the collecting bank according to the instructions from the collection line， handling of the financial documents and commercial documents. In D/P AT SIGHT under D/P AT SIGHT， the collecting bank to the importer for payment after delivery of original documents； Under D/A D/A， the collecting bank to the importer for acceptance before delivery of original documents.
In international trade， documentary collection on international business generally used， the use of documentary collection mainly because there are a few points：
（1）According to the survey， the American home many enterprises for 90% of the volume of trade is the collection， credit and other than the l/c way to trade. Under the buyer’s market， importers tend to use documentary collection and settlement way；
（2）From the point of capital takes up level， the l/c settlement way of capital takes up level higher than that of collection， the importer to pay the security deposit to open the l/c， and do not need to pay the security deposit under the documentary collection， do not take up the importer；
（3）Due to program trival， the l/c settlement mode high fees. In view of the characteristics of the documentary collection procedure is simple and low cost， importers exporters to mobilize the enthusiasm of procurement of goods， seize market opportunities， thus contributing to trading， expand exports， also willing to use documentary collection and settlement way.
2 The main link collection risks occur
Collection of the main characteristic is to first shipment， after collection， the exporter can recover the payment for goods， may encounter the following risks：
（1）The creditability of the importer. As President of time exporters’ payment default， even refuse to pay payment for goods， namely the importer/moral hazard.
（2）The import countries for political reasons. Importers in the country’s political risk usually external payments can also affect the importer. Importer of political risk is mainly： （1） the importer for war riots， strikes， causes the importer cannot pay on time. （2） the importer has yet to receive the import license， or due to reasons such as customs regulations change for importers to refusal of payment. （3）The bank’s careless work. Bank to handle collection business， only according to the instructions of the principal， do not check the documents content， if the collecting bank has a mistake or inappropriate behavior， the consequences shall be borne by the enterprises， the bank didn’t guarantee payment responsibility.
3 The commonly used method of risk countermeasures
3.1 Fully understand the import Fang Zi letter on the basis
As the exporter on the importer’s credit do not know much about the situation. Although collection belong to commercial credit， if you could choose the collecting bank with good reputation， also can to promote close the payment， and avoid the risk of bank error， poor reputation.
3.2 Try to avoid future collection
Pay particular attention to long-term potential risks in the use of payment. Handle D/P long-term collection business days try not to make long-term and flight time interval is longer， caused the importer cannot pick up the goods in time， once the goods prices change， easy to cause the importer refused to pick up the goods， at least not cause exporters to the cost of the goods or other to deal with the cost of the goods.
3.3 Avoid using electricity put the bill of lading
Electricity is put after loading the goods shipped According to the requirements of the guests and issue whatsoever Release the chop on the original bill of lading Copy of fax to the guests As the proof of the consignee to pick up the risk and prevention. However， if the consignee’s payment first， and then have the right to pick up the goods， there is the risk of payment shall not be entitled to take delivery. In addition， the “telex release” case， the consignee can’t get the bill of lading， when occurrence dispute， also due to come up with a bill of lading may not be able to maintain their own rights and interests.
作者单位
嘉兴职业技术学院
According to the international chamber of commerce in the uniform rules for collections UCR522， collection refers to the collection to the entrusted by the exporter， send documents to the collecting bank， the collecting bank according to the instructions from the collection line， handling of the financial documents and commercial documents. In D/P AT SIGHT under D/P AT SIGHT， the collecting bank to the importer for payment after delivery of original documents； Under D/A D/A， the collecting bank to the importer for acceptance before delivery of original documents.
In international trade， documentary collection on international business generally used， the use of documentary collection mainly because there are a few points：
（1）According to the survey， the American home many enterprises for 90% of the volume of trade is the collection， credit and other than the l/c way to trade. Under the buyer’s market， importers tend to use documentary collection and settlement way；
（2）From the point of capital takes up level， the l/c settlement way of capital takes up level higher than that of collection， the importer to pay the security deposit to open the l/c， and do not need to pay the security deposit under the documentary collection， do not take up the importer；
（3）Due to program trival， the l/c settlement mode high fees. In view of the characteristics of the documentary collection procedure is simple and low cost， importers exporters to mobilize the enthusiasm of procurement of goods， seize market opportunities， thus contributing to trading， expand exports， also willing to use documentary collection and settlement way.
2 The main link collection risks occur
Collection of the main characteristic is to first shipment， after collection， the exporter can recover the payment for goods， may encounter the following risks：
（1）The creditability of the importer. As President of time exporters’ payment default， even refuse to pay payment for goods， namely the importer/moral hazard.
（2）The import countries for political reasons. Importers in the country’s political risk usually external payments can also affect the importer. Importer of political risk is mainly： （1） the importer for war riots， strikes， causes the importer cannot pay on time. （2） the importer has yet to receive the import license， or due to reasons such as customs regulations change for importers to refusal of payment. （3）The bank’s careless work. Bank to handle collection business， only according to the instructions of the principal， do not check the documents content， if the collecting bank has a mistake or inappropriate behavior， the consequences shall be borne by the enterprises， the bank didn’t guarantee payment responsibility.
3 The commonly used method of risk countermeasures
3.1 Fully understand the import Fang Zi letter on the basis
As the exporter on the importer’s credit do not know much about the situation. Although collection belong to commercial credit， if you could choose the collecting bank with good reputation， also can to promote close the payment， and avoid the risk of bank error， poor reputation.
3.2 Try to avoid future collection
Pay particular attention to long-term potential risks in the use of payment. Handle D/P long-term collection business days try not to make long-term and flight time interval is longer， caused the importer cannot pick up the goods in time， once the goods prices change， easy to cause the importer refused to pick up the goods， at least not cause exporters to the cost of the goods or other to deal with the cost of the goods.
3.3 Avoid using electricity put the bill of lading
Electricity is put after loading the goods shipped According to the requirements of the guests and issue whatsoever Release the chop on the original bill of lading Copy of fax to the guests As the proof of the consignee to pick up the risk and prevention. However， if the consignee’s payment first， and then have the right to pick up the goods， there is the risk of payment shall not be entitled to take delivery. In addition， the “telex release” case， the consignee can’t get the bill of lading， when occurrence dispute， also due to come up with a bill of lading may not be able to maintain their own rights and interests.
作者单位
嘉兴职业技术学院