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目的探索我国儿童气质的结构及其影响因素。方法运用Ｔｈｏｍａｓ和Ｃｈｅｓｓ的家长评定儿童气质问卷（ＰＴＱ）和教师评定儿童气质问卷（ＴＴＱ）分别对北京，郑州，石家庄和福州的１３７７名３至７岁儿童的气质特点，从父母和教师两个角度进行了探讨，并对测查结果进行了因素分析。结果父母和教师评定儿童气质问卷的因素分析结果分别获得了六个因素的简单结构，其中的一些因素与Ｔｈｏｍａｓ和Ｃｈｅｓ九维度气质结构中的某些维度有些类似性；不同性别的儿童在气质维度上差异具有显著性。但是，对我国儿童的这两个测查结果均未能证实Ｔｈｏｍａｓ和Ｃｈｅｓ的九个维度的气质结构。结论我国儿童的气质结构具有自己的独特性，我国研究工作者对翻译和直接运用国外的气质测量工具应该持谨慎态度。另外，考虑到我国文化的独特性，有必要对我国儿童的气质和人格特点进行深入的、本土性的研究，以形成我国自己的儿童气质测查工具、更好地揭示我国儿童的气质和人格结构。
Objective To explore the structure of children’s temperament in our country and its influencing factors. Methods The temperament characteristics of 1377 children aged 3 to 7 years in Beijing, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang and Fuzhou were assessed by the parents of Thomas and Chess and the teachers’ assessment of children’s temperament questionnaire (TTQ). The parents and teachers Angle was discussed, and the test results were analyzed. Results The results of factor analysis of parents and teachers in children’s temperament questionnaire obtained a simple structure of six factors, respectively, some of which were somewhat similar to some of Thomas and Ches nine-dimensional temperament structure; children of different genders in temperament dimension The difference was significant. However, neither of the two tests on our children failed to confirm the temperament of the nine dimensions of Thomas and Ches. Conclusion The structure of children’s temperament in our country has its own uniqueness. Researchers in our country should be cautious about translating and applying foreign temperament measurement tools directly. In addition, taking into account the uniqueness of our culture, it is necessary to conduct in-depth and indigenous studies on the temperament and personality characteristics of our children in order to form our own tool for the examination of children’s temperament and to better reveal the temperament and personality of our children structure.