从广义上说,一个竞争对手的任何行动都可能是反映其情况的市场信号,这些信号能直接或间接地反映出他的意图、动机、目标 或内部情况。竞争对手发出信号的方式是多种多样的,有些信号是虚假的,有些信号是某种事件发生的前兆,还有些显示了一个行动 的趋势。真实信号自不待言,但虚假信号却是竞争者为了本身利益而设计,使其他企业错误地采取或不采取某些行动。 Broadly speaking, any action by a competitor may be a market signal that reflects its condition, which signal, directly or indirectly, reflects his intentions, motivations, goals or internal circumstances. There are many ways in which competitors signal, some are false, some are precursors of something, and others show a trend in action. The true signal goes without saying, but the false signal is designed for competitors' own interests, which makes other enterprises wrongly take or not take certain actions.