高渗性高血糖状态(hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state,HHS)是糖尿病急性并发症,是体内胰岛素相对缺乏致血糖升高,并进一步引起脱水,最终导致严重的高渗状态[1]。高渗性高血糖状态(HHS)和糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)是不同程度胰岛素缺乏所导致的2种状态,可单独出现,也可同时存在。感染是HHS最常见的诱因[2],占20%~40%,其中以泌尿系和肺部感染最常见;HHS的其他诱因还包括脑血管意外、心肌梗死、胰腺炎、酗酒、严重肾疾病、血液或腹膜透析、静脉内高 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), an acute complication of diabetes mellitus, is caused by the relative lack of insulin in the body leading to hyperglycemia and further dehydration, leading to severe hyperosmolarity [1]. Hypertonic hyperglycemia (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are two states caused by varying degrees of insulin deficiency, either alone or in combination. Infection is the most common cause of HHS [2], accounting for 20% to 40% of which urinary and pulmonary infections are the most common. Other causes of HHS include cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, alcoholism, severe renal disease , Blood or peritoneal dialysis, intravenous high