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传统使用的甲醇、乙二醇等热力学抑制剂系通过改变水合物生成的热力学条件来避免和防止水合物生成。但是 ,此类抑制剂具有浓度高 (10～ 6 0m % ) (m %表示为质量百分浓度 ,下同 )、耗量大、成本高 (抑制剂成本占生产总成本的 5 %～ 8% 〔1〕)和毒性强等缺点 ,已不能满足诸如海上油气开采作业等的需求。本文介绍低耗、高效、无公害的新型动力学抑制剂的研究现状 ,以及新型抑制剂的种类、结构、作用机理和应用范围 ,并针对现有的新型抑制剂的不足 ,提出了今后研究工作的发展方向。
Traditionally used thermodynamic inhibitors such as methanol and ethylene glycol prevent and prevent hydrate formation by changing the thermodynamic conditions of hydrate formation. However, such inhibitors have high concentration (10 to 60%) (m% expressed as mass percentage, the same applies hereinafter), high consumption and high cost (inhibitor cost accounts for 5% -8% of the total production cost) 〔1〕) and toxicity and other shortcomings, can no longer meet such as offshore oil and gas exploration operations and other needs. This paper introduces the current research status of new kinetic inhibitors with low consumption, high efficiency and pollution-free, as well as the types, structures, mechanism and application of new inhibitors. In view of the shortcomings of the existing new inhibitors, The direction of development.