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为了减轻稻瘟病为害损失,减少农药用量、残留、环境污染和防治成本,确保水稻和粮食生产、稻谷质量与贸易和农业生态环境安全,该研究通过采用系统监测、定期调查、田间普查、品种抗稻瘟性鉴定、稻瘟病菌生理小种监测、试验示范和气象资料分析等方法,开展了南充市水稻稻瘟病综合防控技术研究。结果表明,生产用品种稻瘟病感病程度越高,大田偏重发生至重发生的概率越大,反之,则越小。3~5年更换一次具有不同抗源的主推品种,搞好品种布局,能有效降低稻瘟病的流行程度。搞好病稻草处理和播栽前越冬菌源处理,采取药剂浸种、药剂浸秧、带药移栽等,可推迟、减轻稻瘟病发生造成的危害。分析关于不同药物施用时间的试验表明,分别于秧苗移栽前3 d或移栽大田后10 d+水稻破口初期各施1次药的防治效果最好。525 g/hm~2 75%三环唑为预防颈瘟最佳用,但从节约成本的原则出发,轻发生地方和轻感病品种,375~450 g/hm~2 75%三环唑为宜。4%春雷霉素WP和20%的三环唑WP对叶瘟的防效差异不显著,但均显著高于1 000亿个/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP;4%春雷霉素WP、20%的三环唑WP和1 000亿个/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP对颈瘟的预防效果差异不显著。在每公顷2%·8亿个/g井冈·蜡芽菌SC 2 250 g、1 050和900 g 41%春雷·稻瘟灵WP和450 g 75%三环唑WP 4种处理中,75%三环唑WP预防颈瘟效果最好。1997年以来,全市水稻稻瘟病中偏重至大发生频率达50.0%,通过应用综合防控技术措施,稻瘟病得到有效控制,其实际损失率均控制在2%以下,共计少用农药4 523 t,2014年32.7万t稻谷获得无公害、绿色和有机农产品认证,经济、社会和生态效益显著。
In order to reduce the damage caused by rice blast, reduce the pesticide consumption, residue, environmental pollution and prevention and control costs, and ensure the rice and grain production, rice quality and trade and agro-ecological security, the study adopted systematic monitoring, periodic surveys, field surveys, Rice blast identification, physiological races of Magnaporthe grisea monitoring, demonstration and meteorological data analysis methods to carry out a comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City. The results showed that the higher the degree of susceptibility to rice blast for production varieties, the greater the probability of serious to heavy occurrence in the field and vice versa. 3 to 5 years to replace the main push varieties with different sources of resistance, improve the variety of layout, can effectively reduce the prevalence of blast. Do a good job of sick straw treatment and sowing the winter before the source of treatment, to take medicine soaking, medicated seedlings, transplanting and other drugs can be postponed to reduce the harm caused by the rice blast. Analysis of different drug administration times showed that the best control effect was achieved on the first 3 days before transplanting of seedlings or the first 10 days after transplanting and the beginning of rice breaking. 525 g / hm ~ 2 75% tricyclazole is the best use for the prevention of neck blast, but from the principle of cost-saving, light place and light susceptible varieties, 375 ~ 450 g / hm ~ 75% tricyclazole should. The control effect of 4% kasugamycin WP and 20% tricyclazole WP on leaf blast was insignificant, but both were significantly higher than 100 000 000 / g B. subtilis WP; 4% kasugamycin WP 20% Tricyclazole WP and 100000000 / g Bacillus subtilis WP prevention effect of neck blast no significant difference. At 2%, 800 million / g Jinggang sphaerocephalus SC 2 250 g, 1 050 and 900 g 41% Chunlei rice blast fungus WP and 450 g 75% tricyclazole WP 4 treatment per hectare, 75% Tricyclazole WP to prevent the best effect of cervical blast. Since 1997, the frequency of rice blast in the city has been increased to 50.0%. By applying comprehensive prevention and control measures, the rice blast has been effectively controlled, and the actual loss rate is controlled below 2%. A total of 4 523 t In 2014, 327,000 tons of rice were certified as pollution-free, green and organic products with significant economic, social and ecological benefits.