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基于田间试验,研究了福建主要类型冷浸田简易开沟下施用有机或无机改良剂对单季稻产量及土壤性状的影响。结果表明,青泥田上施用鸡粪、猪粪与菇渣的籽粒产量表现一定的增产趋势,而配合秸秆还田的水稻秸秆产量较CK增产40.7%,差异显著;锈水田施用生石灰或生石灰配施有机肥均不同程度提高了水稻籽粒产量,其中4500 kg hm-2生石灰+4500 kg hm-2有机肥处理的籽粒产量与秸秆产量分别较CK显著增产15.9%与14.8%;浅脚烂泥田施用干牛粪、油菜籽饼(配比1∶1)的有机复合改良剂7500 kg hm-2,籽粒产量提高19.3%,差异显著。不同改良剂增产主要是由于提高了水稻有效穗数。施用生石灰或生石灰配施有机肥不同程度地降低了锈水田土壤亚铁含量,而提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量;浅脚烂泥田施用改良剂后,除了3750 kg hm-2油菜籽饼处理外,大团聚体(>2 mm)比例呈下降趋势,而中团聚体(0.25~2 mm)与微团聚体(<0.25 mm)比例呈上升趋势。青泥田与锈水田施用改良剂还分别提高了籽粒磷、钾养分与籽粒氮、磷养分含量。针对冷浸田不同属性,配合开沟措施,选用畜禽有机肥、油菜籽饼、生石灰等有机无机改良剂以及组合施用可降低土壤还原性物质,提高活性有机碳含量,改良土壤结构,实现水稻增产。
Based on the field experiments, the effects of organic or inorganic amendments on the yield and soil properties of single cropping paddy under simple ditching in the main types of cold paddy field in Fujian were studied. The results showed that the yield of rice manure, pig manure and mushroom residue showed a trend of increasing yield, while the yield of rice straw with straw returning was 40.7% higher than that of CK, the difference was significant; the application of quicklime or quicklime Organic manure increased rice grain yield to some extent. Among them, 4500 kg hm-2 quicklime +4500 kg hm-2 organic fertilizer increased grain yield and straw yield by 15.9% and 14.8%, respectively, compared with CK; Cow dung, rapeseed cake (ratio 1: 1) organic compound modifier 7500 kg hm-2, grain yield increased 19.3%, significant difference. The yield of different improvers is mainly due to increased effective panicles of rice. Application of quicklime or quicklime combined with organic manure reduced ferrous iron content in the paddy soils to a certain extent and increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. After application of ameliorating agent in shallow muddy soil, 3750 kg hm-2 rapeseed crackers In addition, the proportion of large aggregates (> 2 mm) showed a decreasing trend while the proportion of medium aggregates (0.25 ~ 2 mm) and microaggregates (<0.25 mm) showed an increasing trend. The amendments of green soil and rust paddy soil also increased the contents of phosphorus and potassium in grains and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains, respectively. According to the different properties of cold-dip fields, with the measures of ditching, the organic-inorganic improvers such as livestock and poultry organic fertilizer, rapeseed cake and quicklime are used in combination with the organic-inorganic improver to reduce soil reducing substances, increase the content of active organic carbon and soil structure, Increase production.