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目的了解和掌握上海市宝山区家具生产企业油漆作业职业卫生状况,为做好职业病预防工作提供理论和实践依据。方法对10家家具厂工作场所中苯、甲苯、二甲苯进行时间加权平均(TWA)浓度和短时间平均浓度(STEL)测定。使用调查表对家具厂中的油漆工的健康状况进行调查,并收集油漆工职业健康检查资料进行分析。结果测定20个作业点,苯的浓度均小于1.6 mg/m3;甲苯STEL为<1.6~85.9 mg/m3,TWA为<1.6~48.3 mg/m3;二甲苯STEL为<5.0~16.6mg/m3,TWA为<5.0~6.0 mg/m3。208名油漆工职业健康检查正常者170人,正常率81.7%。检出白细胞偏低者8人,检出率3.85%;检出其他疾患30人,检出率14.42%。油漆工白细胞偏低发生率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义。对104名油漆工及80名不接触职业病危害因素的对照组人员进行健康状况调查问卷,油漆工组职业性伤害、肌肉骨骼疾病、呼吸道疾病,以及皮肤病发生率与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义。结论虽然油漆工白细胞偏低发生率及一些常见疾病发生情况与对照组相比差异不显著,家具制造业仍应对油漆工作场所和工人加强防护,以保护工人身体健康。
Objective To understand and grasp the occupational health status of furniture manufacturing enterprises in Baoshan District, Shanghai, and to provide theoretical and practical evidence for the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods The concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene in 10 furniture factories were measured by time weighted average (TWA) and short time average concentration (STEL). A questionnaire was used to investigate the health status of painters in the furniture factory and the painter’s occupational health checkup data was collected for analysis. The results showed that the concentration of benzene was less than 1.6 mg / m3 at 20 operating points, the STEL was <1.6 ~ 85.9 mg / m3 for toluene, <1.6 ~ 48.3 mg / m3 for TWA and the STEL was <5.0-16.6 mg / TWA was <5.0 ~ 6.0 mg / m3.208 painters occupational health examination of 170 normal, the normal rate of 81.7%. Eight people with low white blood cell count were detected, the detection rate was 3.85%; 30 other diseases were detected, the detection rate was 14.42%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of low leukocyte in painter compared with the control group. The questionnaires of health status of 104 painters and 80 control workers who were not exposed to occupational hazards were compared with those of the control group in occupational injuries, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases and skin diseases of painter group No statistical significance. Conclusions Although the incidence of leukopenia in painters and the occurrence of some common diseases are not significantly different from those in the control group, the furniture manufacturing industry should still strengthen the protection of paint workplaces and workers in order to protect the health of workers.