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籼稻和粳稻是最普遍食用的稻米,相比籼稻,粳稻具有耐寒抗旱、耐肥抗衰、产量更高、效益更好等特性。随着粳稻在南方地区引种、培育和大面积推广种植,充分满足了人民群众对优质大米的需求,又提高了我国稻谷总产量。基于此,根据水稻生长适宜的环境条件,对江西省东乡县南移粳稻和籼稻生长季气象条件进行对比分析,得出温、光、水是影响东乡县秋季粳稻和夏季籼稻生产的重要因素,其中降水波动性较大,其影响明显大于温度和光照。东乡县雨季洪涝灾害、早籼灌浆成熟后期高温干旱以及秋季高温少雨等灾害性天气是影响早籼和晚粳产量和品质下降的主要气象灾害,今后应加强农业气候论证和水稻种植区划,因地、因时制宜,趋利避害,科学合理进行籼稻、粳稻搭配种植,健全并完善气象灾害防御机制,提高农业气象服务水平,加强稻田科学管理,加大农业水利设施等资金投入,达到水稻稳产高产。
Indica and japonica rice are the most commonly eaten rice. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice has the characteristics of cold and drought resistance, anti-fat and anti-aging, higher yield and better benefit. With the introduction of japonica rice in the southern region, cultivation and large-scale popularization and cultivation, the demand of the masses for high-quality rice has been fully met and the total output of rice in China has also been raised. Based on this, according to the suitable environmental conditions for rice growth, comparative analysis was made between the southward growing season of indica and japonica rice in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province. The results showed that temperature, light and water were the important factors affecting the production of autumn japonica rice and summer indica rice in Dongxiang County, Among them, the fluctuation of precipitation is larger and its influence is obviously greater than temperature and light. Flood disaster in Dongxiang County, high temperature and drought in late filling stage of early indica rice and high temperature and rain in autumn are the main meteorological disasters that affect the yield and quality of early indica rice and late japonica rice. In the future, agricultural climate demonstration and paddy planting zoning should be strengthened. , Make timely adjustments and avoid disadvantages, scientifically and reasonably conduct indications and Japonica rice planting, perfect and improve meteorological disaster prevention mechanism, raise agro-meteorological service level, strengthen scientific management of rice fields, increase investment in agricultural water conservancy facilities and other funds and achieve rice Stable and high yield.