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书面表达旨在测试考生的英语表达能力,看其是否能用学过的知识和掌握的写作技能进行交流,书面表达的水平的高低直接影响考生的英语成绩的高低。从2002年起高考英语书面表达评分标准提倡“尽量使用较多的语法结构和高级词汇,有效地使用语句的连接成分。”这个标准改变了以往只强调语言准确性的情况,更多地关注了语言的质量。那么,怎样适应这种变化写出符合要求,具有活力的句子呢?我认为在学习时应注意以下几个方面。
一、 熟记一些地道的英语表达方法
熟记一些地道的英语表达方法,可以使我们在写作时得心应手。例如,在写议论文来讨论一种做法的利于弊时我们就可用Every coin has two sides. 在表达“鼓励人与习俗作斗争,不要拘泥于旧的传统”时我们就可以用Don??t be a slave to custom. 在表达“一件事超过人的忍耐”时,我们就可以用This is more than flesh and blood can stand. 描述“一个人兴高采烈”时,我们就可以用He is above himself. 这些句子都会为作文加分的。
二、 选词要独辟蹊径
物以稀为贵,词汇的选择也应尽可能做到张扬个性,标新立异。例如:
“回家”的表达,我们常用go home, set off for home。 但我们更可以使用head for home;
表达”巨大的”时,我们常用great, 但我们更可用major;
表达“恐慌”时,我们常用be frightened, 但我们更可以使用alarmed。
英语词汇内涵十分丰富,在平常学习时应体会其味道,食而化之,这样就能集腋成裘,聚沙成塔。
三、 避免重复使用同一词语
在表达相同的意思时表达方式的变换显得尤为重要,选择使用其恰当的同义词或词组可反映出学生英语应用能力的高超,进而赢得阅卷老师的青睐。例如:
(1) I like watching TV while my elder sister likes/enjoys/is fond of listening to the radio.
(2) Most of the children start school at the age of 8, but a small number of children attends school at 6.
在平时的英语学习中,要注意英语的同义词,同义词组和同义句型的积累,要学会一句话多种表达的能力。
四、 使用高级词汇
词汇的选择可以体现出学生的词汇量和英语水平。在书面表达中,学生哪怕只选用一个高级词汇都会令评卷老师眼睛一亮,有助于分数的提高。例如:
(1) The park has been occupied(替换taken up) by a chemical factory.
(2) This is a challenging(替代difficult) job.
五、 添加一些修饰词来增加句子的精确度
通常我们可以在名词,形容词或副词前添加适当的修饰词,使句子显得更精确,更地道,更有文采。例如:
(1) Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.
(2) He will be arriving pretty soon.
六、 改变句子的语序
英语句子的顺序一般都是“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 状”,适当地把一些成分(如状语)提前位于句首,这样能使整个句子读起来跌宕起伏,增强书面的表现力。例如:
(1) In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
(2) Hungry and thirsty, the girl went back home.
有时可以把状语作一些简单的变换(如将状语从句改为分词短语)。例如:
Given another chance (= If you give him another chance), he will succeed.
七、 合并简化句子
把若干简单句合并成一个含共同主语的句子,可使句子言简意赅,简洁流畅。例如:
It is a small flat. It is 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. → It is a small flat of 25 square meters, with/having a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
八、 使用主从复合句来替代简单句。例如:
(1) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Tian Xi Chinese School. → The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street which is not far from Tian Xi Chinese School.
(2) These boys are middle school students. They are planting trees on the hill. → The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students.
九、 有效使用语句连接成分,使文章结构紧凑,浑然一体。例如:
(1) I want to play football. I went to Li Ming??s house. He was washing something and refused to go with me. → I want to play football. So I went to Li Ming??s house. However, he was washing something and refused to go with me.
(2) Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. It??s only one stop. → Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it??s only one stop.
总之,在学习上应做有心人,多观察、归纳、积累,再辅以良好的写作习惯,干净的卷面,俊绣的字体,那么实现书面表达高分的突破将指日可待。
一、 熟记一些地道的英语表达方法
熟记一些地道的英语表达方法,可以使我们在写作时得心应手。例如,在写议论文来讨论一种做法的利于弊时我们就可用Every coin has two sides. 在表达“鼓励人与习俗作斗争,不要拘泥于旧的传统”时我们就可以用Don??t be a slave to custom. 在表达“一件事超过人的忍耐”时,我们就可以用This is more than flesh and blood can stand. 描述“一个人兴高采烈”时,我们就可以用He is above himself. 这些句子都会为作文加分的。
二、 选词要独辟蹊径
物以稀为贵,词汇的选择也应尽可能做到张扬个性,标新立异。例如:
“回家”的表达,我们常用go home, set off for home。 但我们更可以使用head for home;
表达”巨大的”时,我们常用great, 但我们更可用major;
表达“恐慌”时,我们常用be frightened, 但我们更可以使用alarmed。
英语词汇内涵十分丰富,在平常学习时应体会其味道,食而化之,这样就能集腋成裘,聚沙成塔。
三、 避免重复使用同一词语
在表达相同的意思时表达方式的变换显得尤为重要,选择使用其恰当的同义词或词组可反映出学生英语应用能力的高超,进而赢得阅卷老师的青睐。例如:
(1) I like watching TV while my elder sister likes/enjoys/is fond of listening to the radio.
(2) Most of the children start school at the age of 8, but a small number of children attends school at 6.
在平时的英语学习中,要注意英语的同义词,同义词组和同义句型的积累,要学会一句话多种表达的能力。
四、 使用高级词汇
词汇的选择可以体现出学生的词汇量和英语水平。在书面表达中,学生哪怕只选用一个高级词汇都会令评卷老师眼睛一亮,有助于分数的提高。例如:
(1) The park has been occupied(替换taken up) by a chemical factory.
(2) This is a challenging(替代difficult) job.
五、 添加一些修饰词来增加句子的精确度
通常我们可以在名词,形容词或副词前添加适当的修饰词,使句子显得更精确,更地道,更有文采。例如:
(1) Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.
(2) He will be arriving pretty soon.
六、 改变句子的语序
英语句子的顺序一般都是“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 状”,适当地把一些成分(如状语)提前位于句首,这样能使整个句子读起来跌宕起伏,增强书面的表现力。例如:
(1) In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
(2) Hungry and thirsty, the girl went back home.
有时可以把状语作一些简单的变换(如将状语从句改为分词短语)。例如:
Given another chance (= If you give him another chance), he will succeed.
七、 合并简化句子
把若干简单句合并成一个含共同主语的句子,可使句子言简意赅,简洁流畅。例如:
It is a small flat. It is 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. → It is a small flat of 25 square meters, with/having a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
八、 使用主从复合句来替代简单句。例如:
(1) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Tian Xi Chinese School. → The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street which is not far from Tian Xi Chinese School.
(2) These boys are middle school students. They are planting trees on the hill. → The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students.
九、 有效使用语句连接成分,使文章结构紧凑,浑然一体。例如:
(1) I want to play football. I went to Li Ming??s house. He was washing something and refused to go with me. → I want to play football. So I went to Li Ming??s house. However, he was washing something and refused to go with me.
(2) Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. It??s only one stop. → Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it??s only one stop.
总之,在学习上应做有心人,多观察、归纳、积累,再辅以良好的写作习惯,干净的卷面,俊绣的字体,那么实现书面表达高分的突破将指日可待。