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明清之际,清王朝取代明王朝,这种“天崩地裂”的社会大动荡深深刺激着黄宗羲、顾炎武和王夫之等士大夫,他们纷纷著书立说,反思明朝灭亡。以前所未有的深刻程度抨击君主专制,主张限制君权;批判“心性空谈”的理学,提倡经世致用;成为中国近代进步思想的先声。一、究反思之耍因明亡之痛,败家之仇,使恪守儒家君臣大义、具有民族情感的黄宗羲、顾炎武、王夫之等士大夫都
On the occasion of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ming dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty. This kind of social turmoil deeply stimulated Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi and other literati and doctor who wrote books and reflected the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Criticizing the sovereignty of the monarchy to an unprecedented extent and advocating the restriction of the monarchy; Criticizing the science of “heartless talk” and advocating the application of the wisdom of the world; and becoming the forerunner of the progressive thinking in modern China. First, the study of reflection because of the pain of death, the enemy of defeat, so abide by the Confucian monarchy, with national emotion Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi and other scholar-officials