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肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)于1962年被首次发现,1975年正式命名,其结构分为α、β、γ3种。TNF-α主要由激活的单核巨噬细胞分泌,分子量170 KD,是一种具有广泛生物学活性的细胞因子,如抗肿瘤、抗病毒作用,参与机体的免疫调节,调节细胞的增殖分化,介导炎症反应等。正常情况下,体内TNF-α活性极低,而在某些病理条件下,TNF-α持续或大量释放至局部组织体液中,或与其它细胞因子关系失调,可介导致病因素对机体的损伤。肝脏中的Kupffer细胞既是合成TNF-α的主要场所,同时肝脏也是清除TNF-α的主要部位。细菌、病毒感染、免疫复合物、化学药物等因素可导致
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was first discovered in 1962, officially named in 1975, the structure is divided into α, β, γ 3 species. TNF-α is mainly secreted by activated mononuclear macrophages and has a molecular weight of 170 KD. It is a cytokine with a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-tumor and anti-viral effects, involved in the immune regulation of the body, regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, Mediate inflammation and so on. Under normal circumstances, the body of TNF-α activity is very low, and in some pathological conditions, TNF-α sustained or large release to the local tissue fluid, or with other cytokines imbalance can affect the pathogenic factors on the body damage. Kupffer cells in the liver are both the main sites for the synthesis of TNF-α, and the liver is the main site for the clearance of TNF-α. Bacteria, viral infections, immune complexes, chemical drugs and other factors can lead to