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长期以来,人们对公私关系存在着这样一种误解:要么“公有”,要么“私有”,不可能存在既“公有”又“私有”的状况。在这样的思想指导下,人们得出结论:社会主义社会只能实行绝对的生产资料公有制,而绝不允许个人私有制的存在。张闻天运用对立统一规律,驳斥了这一误解,对社会主义社会的公私关系做出了全面科学的阐释。他认为,社会主义社会内的公与私是矛盾的统一体,二者是对立统一的关系。社会主义社会内部存在公与私的对立,但二者是可以很好地统一起来的,通过正确地坚持按劳分配可以将二者之间的矛盾妥善地解决。
For a long time, there has been a misunderstanding about public-private relations: either “public ownership” or “private ownership.” There can be no “public” or “private” status. Guided by this kind of thinking, people came to the conclusion that socialist society can only exercise absolute public ownership of the means of production, and must in no way allow the existence of individual private ownership. Zhang Wentian used the law of unity of opposites to refute this misunderstanding and made a comprehensive and scientific explanation of the public-private relations in socialist society. He believes that public-private relationship in socialist society is a contradictory unity and that the two are in a unity of opposites. There is a confrontation between public and private in the socialist society, but the two can be well united. Properly resolving the contradiction between the two can be properly solved by correctly adhering to the principle of distribution according to work.