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为提供火灾条件下人员疏散基础数据,基于4层教学楼疏散平台,开展了不同能见度环境下个体疏散实验,研究了能见度对人员疏散速度及路径选择的影响。研究结果表明:正常能见度条件下,人员的平均疏散速度为(2.37±0.23)m/s,个体间疏散速度差异明显,随着能见度降低,人员的平均疏散速度呈现均匀下降趋势,个体疏散速度最终均趋近于(0.36±0.10)m/s;人员水平疏散速度显著大于下行疏散速度,且水平疏散速度受能见度影响更大;当能见度较高时,人员以视觉作为寻路方式,倾向于选择自己最熟悉的路线进行疏散;能见度较低时,人员主要依靠触觉作为寻路方式,即借助墙或楼梯扶手进行疏散,此时人员的路径选择受到周围围挡物的共同作用。
In order to provide the basic data of evacuation under fire conditions, based on the evacuation platform of 4-storey school building, individual evacuation experiments under different visibility were carried out to study the influence of visibility on evacuation speed and route selection. The results showed that under the condition of normal visibility, the average evacuation speed of personnel was (2.37 ± 0.23) m / s, and the evacuation speed was significantly different among individuals. With the decrease of visibility, the average evacuation speed of personnel showed a downward trend, and the individual evacuation speed finally (0.36 ± 0.10) m / s. The staff evacuation speed was significantly higher than that of the descending speed, and the horizontal evacuation speed was more affected by the visibility. When the visibility was higher, the staff tended to choose the way of vision Their most familiar routes for evacuation; the visibility is low, the staff mainly rely on the touch as a way to find ways, that is, by wall or staircase handrail evacuation, this time the choice of the path by the surrounding materials together.