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在对战争伦理的研究中,开战正义的标准通常由六项原则组成,包括正当理由、合法权威、正当动机、成功前景、适当比例和最后手段。然而,除了正当理由与适当比例外,其他原则或是可以合并到这两项之中,或是有害无益,或者只不过是历史陈迹。因此,应当仅仅保留正当理由和适当比例原则,以此作为界定开战正义的标准。这两项原则还可以进一步推广,从而包含交战正义和战后正义的领域,从而发展出能涵盖不同战争阶段的道德理论。
In the study of the ethics of war, the standard of war justice is usually composed of six principles, including justification, legal authority, legitimate motivation, prospects of success, proportionality and last resort. However, other than justification and proportionality, the other principles can either be incorporated into either of these items, which are either detrimental or merely historical. Therefore, only the principle of justification and proportionality should be retained as a criterion for defining just war. These two principles can be further promoted to include the areas of belligerent justice and post-war justice so as to develop ethical theories that cover different phases of war.