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目的了解建筑工地农民工对艾滋病相关知识的认知、态度及易被接受的信息来源途径,分析其感染的风险因素,使建筑工地进一步的艾滋病健康教育模式更具针对性。方法采取整群抽样的方法,进行问卷调查。结果被调查对象平均受教育的年限为9年,艾滋病相关知识的总知晓率较低(57.4%)。对三大传播途径知晓率66.19%,日常接触非传播途径的总知晓率仅41.67%。94.8%的调查对象认为工作之余的文化生活枯燥。商业性性行为发生率高(10.5%),而这部分人群中59.1%的在发生性关系时从不使用安全套。虽然有89.8%的被调查者回答不歧视HIV/AIDS,但表示愿意与其工友一直工作的只有59.0%。被调查者容易被接受的宣传途径依次是综合宣传、一对一宣传、知识竞猜、短时间的讲座培训、播放录像与展板、张贴海报与发放宣传单等。结论建筑工地流动人口,应当成为艾滋病健康教育干预的重点之一。建议对建筑工地农民工预防艾滋病宣传教育采取多部门合作、多种形式开展的模式。
Objective To understand the cognition, attitudes and sources of information on AIDS related to migrant workers in construction sites and to analyze the risk factors of their infection so as to make the construction of AIDS health education more targeted. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results The average education years of respondents were 9 years, and the total awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was low (57.4%). The rate of knowing about the three major routes of transmission was 66.19%, and the total rate of daily routine exposure to non-transmission routes was only 41.67%. 94.8% of respondents think that the cultural life outside of work is boring. The incidence of commercial sex is high (10.5%), while 59.1% of these people never use condoms when they have sex. Although 89.8% of the respondents answered non-discrimination against HIV / AIDS, only 59.0% of them said they would like to work with their coworkers all the time. The publicity channels, one-on-one publicity campaigns, quizzes, brief training sessions, video and display boards, posters and leaflets were the easiest ways for respondents to follow. Conclusion Floating population in construction site should be one of the focuses of HIV / AIDS health education intervention. It is proposed to adopt a multi-sectoral cooperation and multi-modal approach to AIDS prevention and education for migrant workers in construction sites.