我国是一个以煤炭作为主要能源的国家,也是世界第一产煤大国。实现煤炭产业平稳、可持续发展,事关经济发展方式的转变和国民经济发展全局,也受到国民经济发展、产业结构发展、人口数量规模、煤炭行业政策、能源消费结构和科学技术进步等因素的影响。我国煤炭产业国有资本持续占据主导地位,但国有资本效率相对较低,产生产业资本配置不合理现象,导致整体产业资本投入效率偏低,社会资源浪费现象严重。基于生产函数视角的中国煤炭产业资本效率研究表明,产业投资对煤炭产业产出影响非常大,优化资本配置,提高资本效率将是促进煤炭产业健康快速发展的最直接手段。建议煤炭行业国有资本,坚决淘汰落后生产力,逐步推进技术升级替代劳动,提高生产函数中技术和资本对产出的拉动力,同时改进资本运作机制,提升资本创造利润的能力;煤炭产业市场化改革应抓住根本,从生产端着手,推动市场化改革,保护并推进行业高效率资本更好发展。 China is a country that uses coal as its main energy source and is also the world’s largest coal producer. The smooth and sustainable development of the coal industry is related to the transformation of the mode of economic development and the development of the national economy as a whole. It is also affected by factors such as national economic development, industrial structure development, population size, coal industry policies, energy consumption structure, influences. China’s state-owned capital in the coal industry continues to dominate. However, the relatively low efficiency of state-owned capital has led to the irrational allocation of industrial capital. This has led to the inefficient investment in overall industrial capital and the serious waste of social resources. Based on the perspective of production function, the research on the capital efficiency of China’s coal industry shows that the impact of industrial investment on the output of the coal industry is very great. Optimizing capital allocation and enhancing capital efficiency will be the most direct means to promote the healthy and rapid development of the coal industry. It is suggested that state-owned capital in the coal industry should be resolutely phased out of backward productive forces, technology upgrading and substitution should be pushed forward step by step, technologies and capital in production functions should be boosted, and capital operation mechanisms should be improved to enhance capital’s ability to create profits. We should seize the foundation, start from the production side, promote market-oriented reforms, and protect and promote the development of highly efficient capital in the industry.