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目的研究我国血吸虫病流行区儿童青少年对日本血吸虫再感染的危险因素。方法1995年10月至1997年10月在湖北省石首市三个村采用队列研究方法进行了本研究。对＜20岁人群基线粪检阳性者行吡喹酮治疗后7个月复查，其中159名阴转者作为再感染观察队列。结果经过一个传播期，再感染率为34．59％（55／159）。用Logistic回归模型拟合，结果特异性抗体IgE／IgG4比值、基线感染度、疫水接触指数（WCI）、住址距堤烷距离、血中嗜酸性粒细胞计数（EOS）和近期化疗等6项因素进入模型。结论与儿童青少年血吸虫再感染率呈正向联系的因素是基线感染度、WCI及近期化疗；呈负向联系的是IgE／IgG4比值及EOS。
Objective To study the risk factors of reinfection of Schistosoma japonicum among children and adolescents in schistosomiasis endemic areas of our country. Methods From October 1995 to October 1997, a cohort study was conducted in Sancun Village, Shishou City, Hubei Province. Seven months after praziquantel treatment, patients with baseline fecal seizures were less than 20 years of age, and 159 of them were re-infected as observation cohorts. Results After a period of transmission, the rate of re-infection was 34.59% (55/159). Logistic regression model was used to fit the results of 6 specific IgE / IgG4 ratios, baseline infection, WCI, distance to diatomaceous embankment, blood eosinophil count (EOS), and recent chemotherapy Factors into the model. Conclusions The positive correlations with the rate of re-infection of schistosoma japonicum in children and adolescents are the baseline infection, WCI and recent chemotherapy, and the negative correlation between IgE / IgG4 ratio and EOS.