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Substance P is an endogenous neurokinin that is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neuropeptide substance P and its high-afifnity receptor neurokinin 1 receptor are known to play an important role in the central nervous system in inlfammation, blood pressure, motor behavior and anxiety. The effects of substance P in the hippocampus and the marginal di-vision of the striatum on memory remain poorly understood. Compared with the hippocampus as a control, immunolfuorescence showed high expression of the substance P receptor, neuro-kinin 1, in the marginal division of the striatum of normal rats. Unilateral or bilateral injection of an antisense oligonucleotide against neurokinin 1 receptor mRNA in the rat hippocampus or marginal division of the striatum effectively reduced neurokinin 1 receptor expression. Indepen-dent of injection site, rats that received this antisense oligonucleotide showed obviously increased footshock times in a Y-maze test. These results indicate that the marginal division of the striatum plays a similar function in leing and memory to the hippocampus, which is a valuable addi-tion to our mechanistic understanding of the leing and memory functions of the marginal division of the striatum.