Amyloid β-peptide,a major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease,has been implicated in neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment.Recently,studies have shown that the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease.In this study,a rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established via occlusion of four arteries;meanwhile,fibrillar amyloidβ-peptide was injected into the rat lateral ventricle.The Morris water maze test and histological staining revealed that administration of amyloidβ-peptide could further aggravate impairments to learning and memory and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus of rats subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Western blot showed that phosphorylation of tau protein and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3βwere significantly stronger in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats subjected to amyloid β-peptide administration than those undergoing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion or amyloidβ-peptide administration alone.Conversely,the activity of protein phosphatase 2A was remarkably reduced in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury following amyloidβ-peptide administration.These findings suggest that amyloidβ-peptide can potentiate tau phosphorylation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and thereby aggravate cognitive impairment. Amyloid β-peptide, a major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease, has been implicated in neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment. Recently, studies have shown that the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, a rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established via occlusion of four arteries; meanwhile, fibrillar amyloid beta-peptide was injected into the rat lateral ventricle. Morris water maze test and histological staining revealed that administration of amyloid beta-peptide could further aggravate impairments to learning and memory and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus of rats subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Western blot showed that phosphorylation of tau protein and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3βwere significantly stronger in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats subjected to amyloid β- peptide administration than those undergoing cerebral ischemia-reperfu sion or amyloid β-peptide administration alone. Conversely, the activity of protein phosphatase 2A was remarkably reduced in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury following amyloid β-peptide administration. The findings suggest that amyloid β-peptide can potentiate tau phosphorylation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and so aggravate cognitive impairment.