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DNA甲基化是目前最明确的肿瘤表观遗传学机制,近年来研究发现基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化异常,是许多恶性肿瘤发生发展的重要原因。甲基化通常与转录抑制有关。甲基化的CpG岛可产生阳性信号导致相关基因沉默。即基因高甲基化状态则抑制基因的表达,低甲基化状态则促进基因的表达。近年研究表明,人类疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)的ORF50基因及ORF73基因甲基化与病毒由潜伏期至裂解期的转换密切关联。另外,甲基化过程是可逆的,可受药物及组蛋白甲基化的影响,为HHV-8致病机制提供了新的研究线索。
DNA methylation is the most obvious mechanism of tumor epigenetics. In recent years, it has been found that methylation of CpG island in gene promoter region is an important reason for the development of many malignant tumors. Methylation is usually associated with transcriptional repression. Methylated CpG islands produce positive signals that lead to gene silencing. That is, gene hypermethylation inhibits gene expression, while hypomethylation promotes gene expression. Recent studies have shown that methylation of the ORF50 gene and ORF73 gene of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) is closely related to the conversion of the virus from the incubation period to the lysis period. In addition, the methylation process is reversible and can be affected by drug and histone methylation, providing new clues for the pathogenesis of HHV-8.