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一、确定中心思想（大意）型
此类题主要测试学生总结和归纳文章大意的能力。这种题型往往用下列句型进行测试：The main idea of this passage is .The passage is mainly about.What’s the best title of this passage?等等。这种题目的答案往往在主题句中。演绎型主题句多位于段落开头，归纳型主题句一般在段落结尾，少数主题句也可能在段落中间。若从主题句中找不到答案，则要经过反复阅读，归纳总结出来。
二、辨认重要事实型
这类题目大多可在短文中直观地找到答案。其测试方式主要有：用“How many...”、“Which of the following...”、“How long...”等开头的试题，要求找出相关的时间、地点、人物、数字等；用“Which of the following statements is (not) true/mentioned?”等提出问题的试题，要求判断试题中的备选答案是否符合短文中的有关事实。
三、判断、推理、概括型
这类试题可分为三种情况：一是试题所提供的信息在短文中可直接找到，顺此往下读，可以找到与备选答案中的某一答案意思相近的叙述。二是试题所提供的信息是短文中的某些词语或句子改写的，不能直观地找到。备选答案也往往是从不同角度改写的，带有干扰性，这样，首先要在文中找到试题信息，顺此略读一下。再回过头来理解备选答案，把备选答案与文中有关信息分别比较，通过排除不合理的或与文中有关内容不相符的备选答案，来获取正确答案。三是试题没有提供可供联系的信息，只要求回答问题或解释原因。这种试题应在对备选答案加以理解后，通过排除不合理答案使目标变小，再经判断、推理、对比等方法，找到正确答案。
我们不妨以一篇阅读理解文章为例，分析这些技能的实际应用。
【原文展现】
One day a king stepped out of the gates of his palace and found a man standing there. The man had a plump chicken in his hands. Seeing the king, he bowed respectfully (恭敬地) and said， “Maharaja, I gambled (赌博) in your name and won this chicken. It belongs to you. Please accept it.”
“Give it to my poultry (家禽) keeper.” said the king.
A few days later the king saw the man standing outside the gates again. This time he had a goat with him. “I won this goat in your name, Maharaja,” he said after saluting the ruler. “It belongs to you.”
The king was pleased.
“Give it to my goat keeper.” he said.
Some weeks later the man was at the palace gates once again.
This time he had two men with him.
“I lost 500 rupee (卢比) to each of these men while playing in your name, Maharaja,” said the man, “I have no money to pay them.”
The king realized he had made a mistake in accepting the man’s gifts on the previous occasions (先前时候). Now he could not refuse to help him. He paid off the two men and warned the gambler never to play in his name again.
Exercises:
1.From the story, we can learn that the man standing outside the gates of the palace was ______.
A. a king B. a tiger
C. a gambler D. a poultry keeper
2.The word “plump” in the first passage means _______” in Chinese.
A. 多肉的B. 强壮的C. 生气的D. 勤劳的
3.How many times did the man win in all according to the paragraph?
A. Only onceB. Twice
C. Three timesD. Four times
4.Which of the following statements is not true？
A. The king understood that he had made a mistake at last.
B. The king warned the gambler never to play in his name again.
C. The king lost 500 rupee for the third time.
D. The man won a goat for the second time.
5.The best title of the passage is _________.
A. The Poultry Keeper B. A Chicken and A goat
C. The Costly Gifts D. Three men and a king
【解题分析】
1. 此题为推理型。根据第一节所给语境可知，站在宫殿门口的那个男子对国王说，“王公，我用您的名字赌博赢了这只鸡，它属于您，请收下它”，由此可以推测，该男子应该是个赌徒，故正确答案为C。
2. 此题仍为推理型。在第一节中，单词plump用作形容词来修饰chicken，从所给四个选项可知，只有选项A能够修饰chicken，其它三个选项在意义上均为搭配不当，故正确答案为A。
3. 此题为辨认重要事实型。通读全文可知，该男子总计3次用国王的名字进行赌博，其中第3次输了两人各500卢比的钱，因此只是赢了两次，故正确答案为B。
4. 此题仍为辨认重要事实型。通读全文可知，选项A、B和D均与文章内容相符合，选项C说法错误，因为第3次国王给了两个人各500卢比的钱，也就是总共给了1000卢比，故答案为C。
5. 此题为确定中心思想型。该文记叙了一位男子用国王的名字进行赌博而使国王最后损失1000卢比的故事，从侧面反映了国王因前两次贪小便宜而吃大亏的事实，因此选项C最能够体现该文的主旨，答案为C。
此类题主要测试学生总结和归纳文章大意的能力。这种题型往往用下列句型进行测试：The main idea of this passage is .The passage is mainly about.What’s the best title of this passage?等等。这种题目的答案往往在主题句中。演绎型主题句多位于段落开头，归纳型主题句一般在段落结尾，少数主题句也可能在段落中间。若从主题句中找不到答案，则要经过反复阅读，归纳总结出来。
二、辨认重要事实型
这类题目大多可在短文中直观地找到答案。其测试方式主要有：用“How many...”、“Which of the following...”、“How long...”等开头的试题，要求找出相关的时间、地点、人物、数字等；用“Which of the following statements is (not) true/mentioned?”等提出问题的试题，要求判断试题中的备选答案是否符合短文中的有关事实。
三、判断、推理、概括型
这类试题可分为三种情况：一是试题所提供的信息在短文中可直接找到，顺此往下读，可以找到与备选答案中的某一答案意思相近的叙述。二是试题所提供的信息是短文中的某些词语或句子改写的，不能直观地找到。备选答案也往往是从不同角度改写的，带有干扰性，这样，首先要在文中找到试题信息，顺此略读一下。再回过头来理解备选答案，把备选答案与文中有关信息分别比较，通过排除不合理的或与文中有关内容不相符的备选答案，来获取正确答案。三是试题没有提供可供联系的信息，只要求回答问题或解释原因。这种试题应在对备选答案加以理解后，通过排除不合理答案使目标变小，再经判断、推理、对比等方法，找到正确答案。
我们不妨以一篇阅读理解文章为例，分析这些技能的实际应用。
【原文展现】
One day a king stepped out of the gates of his palace and found a man standing there. The man had a plump chicken in his hands. Seeing the king, he bowed respectfully (恭敬地) and said， “Maharaja, I gambled (赌博) in your name and won this chicken. It belongs to you. Please accept it.”
“Give it to my poultry (家禽) keeper.” said the king.
A few days later the king saw the man standing outside the gates again. This time he had a goat with him. “I won this goat in your name, Maharaja,” he said after saluting the ruler. “It belongs to you.”
The king was pleased.
“Give it to my goat keeper.” he said.
Some weeks later the man was at the palace gates once again.
This time he had two men with him.
“I lost 500 rupee (卢比) to each of these men while playing in your name, Maharaja,” said the man, “I have no money to pay them.”
The king realized he had made a mistake in accepting the man’s gifts on the previous occasions (先前时候). Now he could not refuse to help him. He paid off the two men and warned the gambler never to play in his name again.
Exercises:
1.From the story, we can learn that the man standing outside the gates of the palace was ______.
A. a king B. a tiger
C. a gambler D. a poultry keeper
2.The word “plump” in the first passage means _______” in Chinese.
A. 多肉的B. 强壮的C. 生气的D. 勤劳的
3.How many times did the man win in all according to the paragraph?
A. Only onceB. Twice
C. Three timesD. Four times
4.Which of the following statements is not true？
A. The king understood that he had made a mistake at last.
B. The king warned the gambler never to play in his name again.
C. The king lost 500 rupee for the third time.
D. The man won a goat for the second time.
5.The best title of the passage is _________.
A. The Poultry Keeper B. A Chicken and A goat
C. The Costly Gifts D. Three men and a king
【解题分析】
1. 此题为推理型。根据第一节所给语境可知，站在宫殿门口的那个男子对国王说，“王公，我用您的名字赌博赢了这只鸡，它属于您，请收下它”，由此可以推测，该男子应该是个赌徒，故正确答案为C。
2. 此题仍为推理型。在第一节中，单词plump用作形容词来修饰chicken，从所给四个选项可知，只有选项A能够修饰chicken，其它三个选项在意义上均为搭配不当，故正确答案为A。
3. 此题为辨认重要事实型。通读全文可知，该男子总计3次用国王的名字进行赌博，其中第3次输了两人各500卢比的钱，因此只是赢了两次，故正确答案为B。
4. 此题仍为辨认重要事实型。通读全文可知，选项A、B和D均与文章内容相符合，选项C说法错误，因为第3次国王给了两个人各500卢比的钱，也就是总共给了1000卢比，故答案为C。
5. 此题为确定中心思想型。该文记叙了一位男子用国王的名字进行赌博而使国王最后损失1000卢比的故事，从侧面反映了国王因前两次贪小便宜而吃大亏的事实，因此选项C最能够体现该文的主旨，答案为C。