一、问题提起从宋发往契丹、金以及西夏的物品在宋代的史书中被称为岁币或者岁赐。在中国历史上,像宋代这样的汉民族王朝对北方的少数民族政权长期献出大量的岁币是从来没有过的。深受华夷论和中华主义浸染的中国的史家们把从他国进入中国的所有物品,不管是通过贸易的输入品还是他国统治者进献的礼物都记载为朝贡品。相反的,从中国发给他国的所有物品,都被称为皇帝的下赐品、岁币或者岁赐等这些美化过的名称。 First, the problem raised From the Song sent to the Khitan, gold and Xixia items in the history books of the Song Dynasty is known as the annual or annual gift. In Chinese history, Han dynasties such as the Song Dynasty have never sacrificed a large amount of money for a long time to the northern ethnic groups. Chinese historians deeply influenced by the theories of Hua Yi and Chinese have documented all articles entering China from other countries, whether they are gifts of import through trade or contributions by rulers of other countries, as tributes. On the contrary, all items sent to other countries from China are called beautified names such as the emperor’s gift, the old age, or the annual gift.